PMID- 34305793
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210727
IS  - 1664-2295 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2295 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2295 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Reliability and Validity of Alzheimer's Disease Screening With a Semi-automated 
      Smartphone Application Using Verbal Fluency.
PG  - 684902
LID - 10.3389/fneur.2021.684902 [doi]
LID - 684902
AB  - Introduction: This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of 
      Alzheimer's disease (AD) screening with a self-administered categorical verbal 
      fluency test using a semi-automated Android application (app; tCVFT). 
      Furthermore, its diagnostic accuracy concerning AD was compared with both that of 
      a conventional categorical verbal fluency test (cCVFT) administered by a health 
      professional and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Materials and Methods: 
      Participants included 100 community-dwelling patients with early AD, whose 
      Clinical Dementia Rating was either 0.5 or 1, and a further 100 sex-matched 
      cognitively normal controls. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability 
      of the tCVFT weighted sum score (tCVFT-WS) was examined using Cronbach's alpha 
      and Pearson's correlation analyses (adjusted for age and education), 
      respectively. The concurrent validity of the tCVFT-WS was examined by testing its 
      correlations with the cCVFT weighted sum score (cCVFT-WS) and MMSE using 
      Pearson's correlation tests. The diagnostic accuracies for early AD of the 
      tCVFT-WS, cCVFT-WS, and MMSE were estimated and compared using receiver operating 
      characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results: The tCVFT-WS exhibited strong internal 
      consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79). However, its test-retest reliability was 
      moderate (r = 0.54) owing to the low test-retest reliability of the second-half 
      responses. The patient group exhibited a higher tCVFT-WS than the control group 
      (p < 0.001). Correlations between the tCVFT-WS, cCVFT-WS, and MMSE were 
      significant. The tCVFT-WS's area under the ROC curve for AD was 0.861. At its 
      optimal cutoff, the sensitivity and specificity for AD were 0.78 and 0.77, 
      respectively. Conclusions: The self-administered tCVFT-WS, using an Android app, 
      proved valid and reliable at distinguishing people with early AD from cognitively 
      normal controls.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Kwon, Kim, Han, Bae, Han and Kim.
FAU - Kwon, Soon Jai
AU  - Kwon SJ
AD  - Dementia Center, Incheon Sejong Hospital, Incheon, South Korea.
FAU - Kim, Hye Sung
AU  - Kim HS
AD  - Seongnam Citizens Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
FAU - Han, Ji Hyun
AU  - Han JH
AD  - Yoon's Psychiatry Clinic, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
FAU - Bae, Jong Bin
AU  - Bae JB
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 
      Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
FAU - Han, Ji Won
AU  - Han JW
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 
      Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
FAU - Kim, Ki Woong
AU  - Kim KW
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 
      Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 
      South Korea.
AD  - Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of 
      Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210708
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Neurol
JT  - Frontiers in neurology
JID - 101546899
PMC - PMC8296303
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alzheimer's disease
OT  - mobile applications
OT  - reliability
OT  - screening
OT  - validity
OT  - verbal fluency
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/07/27 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/27 06:01
PMCR- 2021/07/08
CRDT- 2021/07/26 06:23
PHST- 2021/03/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/26 06:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fneur.2021.684902 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Neurol. 2021 Jul 8;12:684902. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.684902. eCollection 
      2021.