PMID- 34326830
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210731
IS  - 1664-302X (Print)
IS  - 1664-302X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-302X (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Genomic Diversity of the Ostreid Herpesvirus Type 1 Across Time and Location and 
      Among Host Species.
PG  - 711377
LID - 10.3389/fmicb.2021.711377 [doi]
LID - 711377
AB  - The mechanisms underlying virus emergence are rarely well understood, making the 
      appearance of outbreaks largely unpredictable. This is particularly true for 
      pathogens with low per-site mutation rates, such as DNA viruses, that do not 
      exhibit a large amount of evolutionary change among genetic sequences sampled at 
      different time points. However, whole-genome sequencing can reveal the 
      accumulation of novel genetic variation between samples, promising to render 
      most, if not all, microbial pathogens measurably evolving and suitable for 
      analytical techniques derived from population genetic theory. Here, we aim to 
      assess the measurability of evolution on epidemiological time scales of the 
      Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), a double stranded DNA virus of which a new 
      variant, OsHV-1 muVar, emerged in France in 2008, spreading across Europe and 
      causing dramatic economic and ecological damage. We performed phylogenetic 
      analyses of heterochronous (n = 21) OsHV-1 genomes sampled worldwide. Results 
      show sufficient temporal signal in the viral sequences to proceed with 
      phylogenetic molecular clock analyses and they indicate that the genetic 
      diversity seen in these OsHV-1 isolates has arisen within the past three decades. 
      OsHV-1 samples from France and New Zealand did not cluster together suggesting a 
      spatial structuration of the viral populations. The genome-wide study of simple 
      and complex polymorphisms shows that specific genomic regions are deleted in 
      several isolates or accumulate a high number of substitutions. These contrasting 
      and non-random patterns of polymorphism suggest that some genomic regions are 
      affected by strong selective pressures. Interestingly, we also found variant 
      genotypes within all infected individuals. Altogether, these results provide 
      baseline evidence that whole genome sequencing could be used to study population 
      dynamic processes of OsHV-1, and more broadly herpesviruses.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Morga, Jacquot, Pelletier, Chevignon, Degremont, Bietry, Pepin, 
      Heurtebise, Escoubas, Bean, Rosani, Bai, Renault and Lamy.
FAU - Morga, Benjamin
AU  - Morga B
AD  - Ifremer, RBE-SGMM-LGPMM, La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Jacquot, Maude
AU  - Jacquot M
AD  - Ifremer, RBE-SGMM-LGPMM, La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Pelletier, Camille
AU  - Pelletier C
AD  - Ifremer, RBE-SGMM-LGPMM, La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Chevignon, Germain
AU  - Chevignon G
AD  - Ifremer, RBE-SGMM-LGPMM, La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Degremont, Lionel
AU  - Degremont L
AD  - Ifremer, RBE-SGMM-LGPMM, La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Bietry, Antoine
AU  - Bietry A
AD  - Ifremer, RBE-SGMM-LGPMM, La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Pepin, Jean-Francois
AU  - Pepin JF
AD  - Ifremer, ODE-Littoral-Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais 
      (LER-PC), La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Heurtebise, Serge
AU  - Heurtebise S
AD  - Ifremer, RBE-SGMM-LGPMM, La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Escoubas, Jean-Michel
AU  - Escoubas JM
AD  - IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, Universite de Montpellier - Universite de Perpignan Via 
      Domitia, Montpellier, France.
FAU - Bean, Tim P
AU  - Bean TP
AD  - The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of 
      Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
AD  - Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Rosani, Umberto
AU  - Rosani U
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
FAU - Bai, Chang-Ming
AU  - Bai CM
AD  - Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, China.
FAU - Renault, Tristan
AU  - Renault T
AD  - Ifremer, RBE, Nantes, France.
FAU - Lamy, Jean-Baptiste
AU  - Lamy JB
AD  - Ifremer, RBE-SGMM-LGPMM, La Tremblade, France.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210713
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Microbiol
JT  - Frontiers in microbiology
JID - 101548977
PMC - PMC8313985
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - OsHV-1
OT  - diversity
OT  - marine virus
OT  - measurably evolution
OT  - shellfish farming
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/07/31 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/31 06:01
PMCR- 2021/07/13
CRDT- 2021/07/30 06:43
PHST- 2021/05/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/30 06:43 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/31 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fmicb.2021.711377 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Microbiol. 2021 Jul 13;12:711377. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.711377. 
      eCollection 2021.