PMID- 34328704 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220331 LR - 20231207 IS - 1520-7560 (Electronic) IS - 1520-7552 (Print) IS - 1520-7552 (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 2 DP - 2022 Feb TI - Association of abdominal muscle area and density with glucose regulation: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). PG - e3488 LID - 10.1002/dmrr.3488 [doi] AB - AIMS: Previous characterisation of body composition as a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk factor has largely focused on adiposity, but less is known about the independent role of skeletal muscle. We examined associations between abdominal muscle and measures of glucose regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 1,891 adults enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Multivariable regression assessed associations between abdominal muscle area and density (measured by computed tomography) with fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and prevalent T2DM (fasting glucose >/=126 mg/dL or medication use). RESULTS: In minimally adjusted models (age, sex, race/ethnicity, income), a 1-SD increment in abdominal muscle area was associated with higher HOMA-IR (beta = 0.20 +/- SE 0.03; 95%CI: 0.15, 0.25; P < 0.01) and odds of T2DM (OR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.18, 1.84; P < 0.01), while higher density was associated with lower fasting glucose (-4.49 +/- 0.90; -6.26, -2.72; P < 0.01), HOMA-IR (-0.16 +/- 0.02; -0.20, -0.12; P < 0.01), and odds of T2DM (0.64; 0.52, 0.77; P < 0.01). All associations persisted after adjustment for comorbidities and health behaviours. However, after controlling for height, BMI, and visceral adiposity, increasing muscle area became negatively associated with fasting glucose (-2.23 +/- 1.01; -4.22, -0.24; P = 0.03), while density became positively associated with HOMA-IR (0.09 +/- 0.02; 0.05, 0.13; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing muscle density was associated with salutary markers of glucose regulation, but associations inverted with further adjustment for body size and visceral adiposity. Conversely, after full adjustment, increasing muscle area was associated with lower fasting glucose, suggesting some patients may benefit from muscle-building interventions. CI - (c) 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. FAU - Gold, Rebecca S AU - Gold RS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2408-7716 AD - School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. FAU - Unkart, Jonathan T AU - Unkart JT AD - Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. FAU - Larsen, Britta A AU - Larsen BA AD - Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. FAU - Price, Candice A AU - Price CA AD - Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA. FAU - Cless, Mallory AU - Cless M AD - School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. FAU - Araneta, Maria Rosario G AU - Araneta MRG AD - Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. FAU - Allison, Matthew A AU - Allison MA AD - Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. LA - eng GR - 75N92020D00005/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC95160/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL088451/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC95163/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR001079/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - TL1 TR001443/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC95164/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC95168/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - KL2 TR001444/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - R25 HL145817/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 DK098722/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC95165/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC95159/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - 75N92020D00007/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - HHSN268201500003I/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC95167/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR000040/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - 75N92020D00002/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - HHSN268201500003C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - 75N92020D00001/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC95169/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC95162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - 75N92020D00003/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC95161/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR001420/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - 75N92020D00004/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - 75N92020D00006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - N01HC95166/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20210813 PL - England TA - Diabetes Metab Res Rev JT - Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews JID - 100883450 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) SB - IM MH - Abdominal Muscles MH - Adult MH - *Atherosclerosis/etiology MH - Blood Glucose MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 MH - Ethnicity MH - Glucose MH - Humans MH - *Insulin Resistance/physiology PMC - PMC8800952 MID - NIHMS1734745 OTO - NOTNLM OT - body composition OT - diabetes OT - fasting glucose OT - insulin resistance OT - myosteatosis OT - race/ethnicity COIS- Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/07/31 06:00 MHDA- 2022/04/01 06:00 PMCR- 2023/02/01 CRDT- 2021/07/30 12:41 PHST- 2021/07/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/04/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/07/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/07/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/04/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/07/30 12:41 [entrez] PHST- 2023/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1002/dmrr.3488 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2022 Feb;38(2):e3488. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3488. Epub 2021 Aug 13.