PMID- 34329694 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211124 LR - 20211124 IS - 1872-8227 (Electronic) IS - 0168-8227 (Linking) VI - 178 DP - 2021 Aug TI - Assessing prevalence and predictors of depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients - The DEPDIAB study. PG - 108980 LID - S0168-8227(21)00339-9 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108980 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: Depression is common in diabetes and has significant impact on health outcomes. Suicidal ideation also forms a part of the spectrum of diabetes and coexistent depression. To assess the predictors of depression as well as its prevalence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, we conducted a cross sectional study entitled "DEPression in DIABetes" (DEPDIAB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cohort of consecutive 1371 T2DM patients from Eastern India suffering from diabetes greater than 1 year was assessed in a cross- sectional survey in 9 different hospitals and medical polyclinics in Kolkata, India for depression by administering the 9-item PHQ - 9 and Beck depression scales. Socioeconomic status was assessed by the "Revised Kuppuswamy and B G Prasad socio-economic scales for 2016", a validated scoring system for assessing the socioeconomic status of Indian patients. RESULTS: In our study 836 patients (60.9%) were male and 535 (39.02%) were female. 56 patients (4.1%) met the criteria for major depression and 494 patients (36.16%) for minor depression. No sign of depression was found in 816 patients (59.74%). Depression was strongly associated with younger age (18-40 years vs. >60 years) [OR-2.09; 95% CI 1.11-3.96], female sex [OR-1.31; 95% CI 1.11-2.01], low socioeconomic status [OR-2.69; 95% CI 1.34-3.79], poor compliance [OR- 5.05; 95% CI 2.79-8.13], hypoglycemia [OR 1.466; 95% CI 1.076-1.999] and difficulty in managing day-to-day activities [OR- 4.648; 95% CI 3.450-6.262] Suicidal ideation was detected in 201 patients (14.8%). Among patients who had repeated attacks of hypoglycemia (>1 episode per month), 22% experienced suicidal ideation. This was significantly higher than in patients who had not suffered from hypoglycemia (12%) (p < 0.0001). Patients with HbA1C of 7% or lower experienced statistically significantly lesser suicidal ideation than patients with a higher HbA1C (12% vs. 16.8% p = 0.016). Suicidal ideation did not correlate withbody mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or insulin usage. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of depression in T2DM patients in Eastern India. Younger age, female sex, lower socio-economic status, poor compliance, hypoglycemia, and difficulty in managing day to day activities emerged as significant predictors of depression in this study. Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia were an independent risk factor for suicidal ideation in patients with depression. Depression was not significantly associated with co morbidities associated with T2D and surprisingly insulin usage was not associated with increased depression. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Majumdar, Sujoy AU - Majumdar S AD - Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Centre, Kolkata, India; Department of Diabetology, GD Hospital and Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, India. Electronic address: prestwichcentre@gmail.com. FAU - Sinha, Binayak AU - Sinha B AD - Department of Endocrinology, AMRI Hospitals, Kolkata, India. FAU - Dastidar, Biswajit Ghosh AU - Dastidar BG AD - Woodlands Hospital, Kolkata, India. FAU - Gangopadhyay, Kalyan Kumar AU - Gangopadhyay KK AD - Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Centre, Kolkata, India; Calcutta Medical Research Institute, Kolkata, India. FAU - Ghoshal, Samit AU - Ghoshal S AD - Nightingale Hospital, Kolkata, India. FAU - Mukherjee, Jagat Jyoti AU - Mukherjee JJ AD - Department of General Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, India. FAU - Mazumdar, Anirban AU - Mazumdar A AD - Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India. FAU - Ray, Subir AU - Ray S AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, India. FAU - Dasgupta, Samir AU - Dasgupta S AD - Ruby General Hospital, Kolkata, India. FAU - Bhattacharjee, Kingshuk AU - Bhattacharjee K AD - Department of Medical Sciences, SJJT University, Jaipur, India. Electronic address: kb21084@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20210728 PL - Ireland TA - Diabetes Res Clin Pract JT - Diabetes research and clinical practice JID - 8508335 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Depression/epidemiology/etiology MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Prevalence MH - Risk Factors MH - Suicidal Ideation MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Depression OT - Suicidal ideation OT - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Hypoglycemia COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2021/07/31 06:00 MHDA- 2021/11/25 06:00 CRDT- 2021/07/30 20:11 PHST- 2020/02/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/01/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/07/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/07/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/11/25 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/07/30 20:11 [entrez] AID - S0168-8227(21)00339-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108980 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Aug;178:108980. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108980. Epub 2021 Jul 28.