PMID- 34333002
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211203
LR  - 20211214
IS  - 1532-8600 (Electronic)
IS  - 0026-0495 (Linking)
VI  - 123
DP  - 2021 Oct
TI  - Current trends in epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk 
      management in type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 154838
LID - S0026-0495(21)00138-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154838 [doi]
AB  - With the advances in diabetes care, the trend of incident cardiovascular disease 
      (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been decreasing over 
      past decades. However, given that CVD is still a major cause of death in patients 
      with diabetes and that the risk of CVD in patients with T2DM is more than twice 
      that in those without DM, there are still considerable challenges to the 
      prevention of CVD in diabetes. Accordingly, there have been several research 
      efforts to decrease cardiovascular (CV) risk in T2DM. Large-scale genome-wide 
      association studies (GWAS) and clinical cohort studies have investigated the 
      effects of factors, such as genetic determinants, hypoglycaemia, and insulin 
      resistance, on CVD and can account for the unexplained CV risk in T2DM. Lifestyle 
      modification is a widely accepted cornerstone method to prevent CVD as the 
      first-line strategy in T2DM. Recent reports from large CV outcome trials have 
      proven the positive CV effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) 
      inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in patients 
      with high CVD risk. Overall, current practice guidelines for the management of 
      CVD in T2DM are moving from a glucocentric strategy to a more individualised 
      patient-centred approach. This review will discuss the current epidemiologic 
      trends of CVD in T2DM and the risk factors linking T2DM to CVD, including genetic 
      contribution, hypoglycaemia, and insulin resistance, and proper care strategies, 
      including lifestyle and therapeutic approaches.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Yun, Jae-Seung
AU  - Yun JS
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. 
      Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 
      South Korea.
FAU - Ko, Seung-Hyun
AU  - Ko SH
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. 
      Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 
      South Korea. Electronic address: kosh@catholic.ac.kr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210730
PL  - United States
TA  - Metabolism
JT  - Metabolism: clinical and experimental
JID - 0375267
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/*complications/*epidemiology/genetics/prevention & 
      control
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/diet therapy/drug therapy/genetics
MH  - Heart Disease Risk Factors
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Insulin Resistance
MH  - Life Style
MH  - *Risk Management
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiovascular disease
OT  - Genetics
OT  - Hypoglycaemia
OT  - Insulin resistance
OT  - Lifestyle modification
OT  - Type 2 diabetes
COIS- Declaration of competing interest Nothing to declare.
EDAT- 2021/08/02 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2021/08/01 20:41
PHST- 2021/04/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/07/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/01 20:41 [entrez]
AID - S0026-0495(21)00138-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154838 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Metabolism. 2021 Oct;123:154838. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154838. Epub 2021 
      Jul 30.