PMID- 34334683
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230508
LR  - 20230825
IS  - 1537-1603 (Electronic)
IS  - 0736-0258 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 4
DP  - 2023 May 1
TI  - Cerebellar Brain Inhibition Is Associated With the Severity of Cervical Dystonia.
PG  - 293-300
LID - 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000884 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Cerebellar connectivity is thought to be abnormal in cervical dystonia 
      (CD) and other dystonia subtypes, based on evidence from imaging studies and 
      animal work. The authors investigated whether transcranial magnetic 
      stimulation-induced cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI), a measure of cerebellar 
      efficiency at inhibiting motor outflow, is abnormal in patients with CD and/or is 
      associated with clinical features of CD. Because of methodological heterogeneity 
      in CBI reporting, the authors deployed additional controls to reduce potential 
      sources of variability in this study. METHODS: Cerebellar brain inhibition was 
      applied in 20 CD patients and 14 healthy control subjects. Cerebellar brain 
      inhibition consisted of a cerebellar conditioning stimulus delivered at four 
      different interstimulus intervals (ISIs) before a test stimulus delivered to hand 
      muscle representation in the motor cortex. The average ratio of conditioned to 
      unconditioned motor evoked potential was computed for each ISI. Cervical dystonia 
      clinical severity was measured using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis 
      Rating Scale. Control experiments involved neuronavigated transcranial magnetic 
      stimulation, neck postural control in patients, and careful screening for 
      noncerebellar pathway inhibition via cervicomedullary evoked potentials. RESULTS: 
      There was no difference between CBI measured in healthy control subjects and CD 
      patients at any of the four ISIs; however, CBI efficiency was significantly 
      correlated with worsening CD clinical severity at the 5 ms ISI. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Cerebellar brain inhibition is a variable measure in both healthy control 
      subjects and CD patients; much of this variability may be attributed to 
      experimental methodology. Yet, CD severity is significantly associated with 
      reduced CBI at the 5 ms ISI, suggestive of cerebello-thalamo-cortical tract 
      dysfunction in this disorder.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 by the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society.
FAU - Sondergaard, Rachel E
AU  - Sondergaard RE
AD  - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of 
      Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
AD  - Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
FAU - Strzalkowski, Nicholas D J
AU  - Strzalkowski NDJ
AD  - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of 
      Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
AD  - Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
AD  - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, 
      Calgary, AB, Canada.
FAU - Gan, Liu Shi
AU  - Gan LS
AD  - Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
FAU - Jasaui, Yamile
AU  - Jasaui Y
AD  - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of 
      Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
FAU - Furtado, Sarah
AU  - Furtado S
AD  - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of 
      Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
FAU - Pringsheim, Tamara M
AU  - Pringsheim TM
AD  - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of 
      Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
AD  - Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Healthy Sciences, University 
      of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
FAU - Sarna, Justyna R
AU  - Sarna JR
AD  - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of 
      Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
FAU - Avanzino, Laura
AU  - Avanzino L
AD  - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of 
      Genoa, Genoa, Italy; and.
AD  - IRCCS Policlinico, San Martino, Genova.
FAU - Kiss, Zelma H T
AU  - Kiss ZHT
AD  - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of 
      Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
AD  - Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
FAU - Martino, Davide
AU  - Martino D
AD  - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of 
      Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
AD  - Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210727
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Neurophysiol
JT  - Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American 
      Electroencephalographic Society
JID - 8506708
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Torticollis
MH  - Brain
MH  - Cerebellum/physiology
MH  - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal
MH  - Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology
MH  - Neural Inhibition/physiology
COIS- R. E. Sondergaard holds a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of 
      Canada (NSERC) studentship and N. D. J. Strzalkowski held University of Calgary 
      Eyes High, Parkinson Alberta and Parkinson Foundation postdoctoral fellowships. 
      Funding was also provided by NSERC (RGPIN/04126-2017) to Z. H. T. Kiss and 
      Dystonia Medical Research Foundation of Canada grant (Z.H.T.K. and D.M.). The 
      remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
EDAT- 2021/08/03 06:00
MHDA- 2023/05/08 06:42
CRDT- 2021/08/02 05:42
PHST- 2023/05/08 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/02 05:42 [entrez]
AID - 00004691-202305000-00003 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000884 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Neurophysiol. 2023 May 1;40(4):293-300. doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000884. 
      Epub 2021 Jul 27.