PMID- 34334720
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220217
LR  - 20230822
IS  - 1530-0315 (Electronic)
IS  - 0195-9131 (Linking)
VI  - 54
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jan 1
TI  - Glucose and Fructose Hydrogel Enhances Running Performance, Exogenous 
      Carbohydrate Oxidation, and Gastrointestinal Tolerance.
PG  - 129-140
LID - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002764 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Beneficial effects of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on exogenous CHO 
      oxidation and endurance performance require a well-functioning gastrointestinal 
      (GI) tract. However, GI complaints are common during endurance running. This 
      study investigated the effect of a CHO solution-containing sodium alginate and 
      pectin (hydrogel) on endurance running performance, exogenous and endogenous CHO 
      oxidation, and GI symptoms. METHODS: Eleven trained male runners, using a 
      randomized, double-blind design, completed three 120-min steady-state runs at 68% 
      V O2max, followed by a 5-km time-trial. Participants ingested 90 g.h-1 of 2:1 
      glucose-fructose (13C enriched) as a CHO hydrogel, a standard CHO solution 
      (nonhydrogel), or a CHO-free placebo during the 120 min. Fat oxidation, total and 
      exogenous CHO oxidation, plasma glucose oxidation, and endogenous glucose 
      oxidation from liver and muscle glycogen were calculated using indirect 
      calorimetry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. GI symptoms were recorded 
      throughout the trial. RESULTS: Time-trial performance was 7.6% and 5.6% faster 
      after hydrogel ([min:s] 19:29 +/- 2:24, P < 0.001) and nonhydrogel (19:54 +/- 2:23, P 
      = 0.002), respectively, versus placebo (21:05 +/- 2:34). Time-trial performance 
      after hydrogel was 2.1% faster (P = 0.033) than nonhydrogel. Absolute and 
      relative exogenous CHO oxidation was greater with hydrogel (68.6 +/- 10.8 g, 31.9% 
      +/- 2.7%; P = 0.01) versus nonhydrogel (63.4 +/- 8.1 g, 29.3% +/- 2.0%; P = 0.003). 
      Absolute and relative endogenous CHO oxidation was lower in both CHO conditions 
      compared with placebo (P < 0.001), with no difference between CHO conditions. 
      Absolute and relative liver glucose oxidation and muscle glycogen oxidation were 
      not different between CHO conditions. Total GI symptoms were not different 
      between hydrogel and placebo, but GI symptoms were higher in nonhydrogel compared 
      with placebo and hydrogel (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The ingestion of glucose and 
      fructose in hydrogel form during running benefited endurance performance, 
      exogenous CHO oxidation, and GI symptoms compared with a standard CHO solution.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 by the American College of Sports Medicine.
FAU - Rowe, Joshua T
AU  - Rowe JT
FAU - King, Roderick F G J
AU  - King RFGJ
AD  - Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM.
FAU - King, Andy J
AU  - King AJ
AD  - Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 
      Melbourne, AUSTRALIA.
FAU - Morrison, Douglas J
AU  - Morrison DJ
AD  - Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 
      Glasgow, UNITED KINGDOM.
FAU - Preston, Thomas
AU  - Preston T
AD  - Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 
      Glasgow, UNITED KINGDOM.
FAU - Wilson, Oliver J
AU  - Wilson OJ
AD  - Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM.
FAU - O'Hara, John P
AU  - O'Hara JP
AD  - Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Med Sci Sports Exerc
JT  - Medicine and science in sports and exercise
JID - 8005433
RN  - 0 (Hydrogels)
RN  - 0 (Performance-Enhancing Substances)
RN  - 30237-26-4 (Fructose)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Athletic Performance/*physiology
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Fructose/*administration & dosage
MH  - Gastrointestinal Tract/*drug effects
MH  - Glucose/*administration & dosage
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogels/*administration & dosage
MH  - Male
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Performance-Enhancing Substances/*administration & dosage
MH  - Running/*physiology
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2021/08/03 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/19 06:00
CRDT- 2021/08/02 05:42
PHST- 2021/08/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/02 05:42 [entrez]
AID - 00005768-202201000-00017 [pii]
AID - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002764 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022 Jan 1;54(1):129-140. doi: 
      10.1249/MSS.0000000000002764.