PMID- 34339957 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211018 LR - 20211018 IS - 1873-6750 (Electronic) IS - 0160-4120 (Linking) VI - 157 DP - 2021 Dec TI - Prenatal and postnatal exposures to four metals mixture and IQ in 6-year-old children: A prospective cohort study in South Korea. PG - 106798 LID - S0160-4120(21)00423-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106798 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Humans are exposed to a mixture of metals during their lifetime; however, evidence of neurotoxicity of such mixtures in critical time windows is still insufficient. We aimed to elucidate the associations of four metals mixture across multiple time points with children's intelligence quotient (IQ) in a prospective cohort study. METHODS: Prenatal exposure and exposure at age 4 and 6 years to four types of blood metals, namely lead, mercury, cadmium, and manganese were quantified in 502 pregnant women and their children who participated in the Environment and Development Cohort study. Children' s IQ scores were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale at age 6. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), quantile g-computation models, and elastic net (ENET) models were used to assess the associations of their blood metals mixture with IQ scores. RESULTS: Multivariate linear regression models indicated that postnatal blood manganese exposure at the age of 4 years was significantly negatively associated with children's IQ [beta = - 5.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): -11.37 to - 0.61]. In the multi-chemical BKMR and quantile g-computation model, statistically significant inverse associations were found between the mixture of prenatal and postnatal metals and children's IQ score (Difference in children' IQ per quartile increase: -2.83; 95% CI: -5.28, -0.38). Interestingly, we found that manganese levels at both age of 4 and 6 years were contributing factors to children's IQ in the mixture models, namely, BKMR, quantile g-computation, and ENET models. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-pollutant mixtures of prenatal and postnatal exposures to four metals affected child IQ at 6 years of age. We found a relationship between manganese exposure at both age 4, and 6 years and children's IQ. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these associations and to control the exposure to different metals during pregnancy and preschool childhood. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Lee, Kyung-Shin AU - Lee KS AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kslee0116@snu.ac.kr. FAU - Kim, Kyoung-Nam AU - Kim KN AD - Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kkn002@snu.ac.kr. FAU - Ahn, Yebin D AU - Ahn YD AD - Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yeahvin17@gmail.com. FAU - Choi, Yoon-Jung AU - Choi YJ AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hierica8@snu.ac.kr. FAU - Cho, Jinwoo AU - Cho J AD - Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15260, USA. Electronic address: kevinjwcho@pitt.edu. FAU - Jang, Yoonyoung AU - Jang Y AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yuyujang88@snu.ac.kr. FAU - Lim, Youn-Hee AU - Lim YH AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1014, Denmark. Electronic address: younhee.lim@sund.ku.dk. FAU - Kim, Johanna Inhyang AU - Kim JI AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: iambabyvox@hanmail.net. FAU - Shin, Choong Ho AU - Shin CH AD - Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chshinpd@snu.ac.kr. FAU - Lee, Young Ah AU - Lee YA AD - Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: nina337@snu.ac.kr. FAU - Kim, Bung-Nyun AU - Kim BN AD - Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kbn1@snu.ac.kr. FAU - Hong, Yun-Chul AU - Hong YC AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ychong1@snu.ac.kr. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20210730 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Int JT - Environment international JID - 7807270 SB - IM MH - Bayes Theorem MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cohort Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Intelligence Tests MH - Pregnancy MH - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced MH - Prospective Studies MH - Republic of Korea OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bayesian kernel machine regression OT - Elastic net OT - Intelligence quotient OT - Metals OT - Quantile g-computation EDAT- 2021/08/03 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/21 06:00 CRDT- 2021/08/02 20:19 PHST- 2021/04/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/07/26 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/07/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/08/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/21 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/08/02 20:19 [entrez] AID - S0160-4120(21)00423-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106798 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Int. 2021 Dec;157:106798. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106798. Epub 2021 Jul 30.