PMID- 34345179
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220425
IS  - 1178-7031 (Print)
IS  - 1178-7031 (Electronic)
IS  - 1178-7031 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2021
TI  - Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in IL-18 Gene with Plasmodium 
      falciparum-Associated Malaria.
PG  - 3587-3619
LID - 10.2147/JIR.S314638 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, reported to 
      be involved in the initial immune responses against malaria. Genetic variations 
      in the host are an important factor that influences the etiology of malaria at 
      several disease levels. Polymorphisms within the IL-18 gene are associated with 
      susceptibility and clinical outcome of several diseases. METHODS: We genotyped 
      single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-18 of patients infected with 
      Plasmodium falciparum with varying extent of parasitemia and different age 
      groups. RESULTS: SNPs rs5744292 (OR = 70.446; 95% CI = 4.318-1149.323; p<0.0001) 
      and rs544354 (OR = 1.498; 95% CI = 1.088-2.063; p=0.013) were found to be 
      significantly associated with parasitemia in P. falciparum-infected patients when 
      compared with healthy control subjects. SNP rs5744292 (OR = 7.597; 95% 
      CI=1.028-56.156; p=0.019) was associated with increased parasite density in 
      infected patients. SNPs rs544354 (OR 0.407; 95% CI=0.204-0.812; p = 0.009) and 
      rs360714 (OR of 0.256; 95% CI=0.119-0.554; p = 0.001) were significantly 
      associated with parasite density in an age-dependent manner, with the risk 
      alleles present more frequently among the younger (1-9 years) patients. Several 
      haplotypes were found to have a significant association with parasitemia. 
      In-vitro expression analysis using luciferase reporter assay showed that SNPs 
      rs1946518 and rs187238 in the IL-18 gene promoter region and rs360728 and 
      rs5744292 in the 3'-untranslated region of the IL-18 gene were associated with 
      enhanced transcriptional activity. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that 
      polymorphisms within the IL-18 gene are associated with the susceptibility to P. 
      falciparum infection and related parasitemia among groups with different parasite 
      density and across various age groups.
CI  - (c) 2021 AlRuwaisan et al.
FAU - AlRuwaisan, Alaa U
AU  - AlRuwaisan AU
AD  - Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi 
      Arabia.
FAU - Al-Anazi, Mashael R
AU  - Al-Anazi MR
AD  - Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist 
      Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Shafeai, Mohammed I
AU  - Shafeai MI
AD  - Sabya General Hospital, Sabya, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Rudiny, Fuad H
AU  - Rudiny FH
AD  - Sabya General Hospital, Sabya, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Motaen, Ali M
AU  - Motaen AM
AD  - Sabya General Hospital, Sabya, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Bin Dajem, Saad M
AU  - Bin Dajem SM
AD  - Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi 
      Arabia.
FAU - Alothaid, Hani
AU  - Alothaid H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0132-558X
AD  - Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha 
      University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Morsy, Kareem
AU  - Morsy K
AD  - Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi 
      Arabia.
AD  - Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
FAU - Alkahtani, Saad
AU  - Alkahtani S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7381-5110
AD  - Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi 
      Arabia.
FAU - Al-Qahtani, Ahmed A
AU  - Al-Qahtani AA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4584-5739
AD  - Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist 
      Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal 
      University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210726
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - J Inflamm Res
JT  - Journal of inflammation research
JID - 101512684
PMC - PMC8323861
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - IL-18 gene
OT  - Plasmodium falciparum
OT  - SNPs
COIS- The authors have nothing to declare with respect to the research, authorship, 
      and/or publication of this article.
EDAT- 2021/08/05 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/05 06:01
PMCR- 2021/07/26
CRDT- 2021/08/04 07:04
PHST- 2021/04/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/04 07:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 314638 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/JIR.S314638 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Inflamm Res. 2021 Jul 26;14:3587-3619. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S314638. eCollection 
      2021.