PMID- 34348595
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220127
LR  - 20220127
IS  - 2150-5608 (Electronic)
IS  - 2150-5594 (Print)
IS  - 2150-5594 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Dec
TI  - Trypanosoma evansi evades host innate immunity by releasing extracellular 
      vesicles to activate TLR2-AKT signaling pathway.
PG  - 2017-2036
LID - 10.1080/21505594.2021.1959495 [doi]
AB  - Surra, one of the most important animal diseases with economic consequences in 
      Asia and South America, is caused by Trypanosoma evansi. However, the mechanism 
      of immune evasion by T. evansi has not been extensively studied. In the present 
      study, T. evansi extracellular vesicles (TeEVs) were characterized and the role 
      of TeEVs in T. evansi infection were examined. The results showed that T. evansi 
      and TeEVs could activate TLR2-AKT pathway to inhibit the secretions of IL-12p40, 
      IL-6, and TNF-alpha in mouse BMDMs. TLR2(-/-) mice and mice with a blocked AKT 
      pathway were more resistant to T. evansi infection than wild type (WT) mice, with 
      a significantly lower infection rate, longer survival time and less parasite 
      load, as well as an increased secretion level of IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma. 
      Kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (KMP-11) of TeEVs could activate AKT pathway 
      and inhibit the productions of IL-12p40, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in vitro. TeEVs and 
      KMP-11 could inhibit the productions of IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma, promote T. evansi 
      proliferation and shorten the survival time of infected mice in vivo. In 
      conclusion, T. evansi could escape host immune response through inhibiting the 
      productions of inflammatory cytokines via secreting TeEVs to activate TLR2-AKT 
      pathway. KMP-11 in TeEVs was involved in promoting T. evansi 
      infection.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) 
      activate the TLR2-AKT signaling pathway to inhibit the production of inflammatory 
      cytokines, thereby escaping the host's immune response. Kinetoplastid membrane 
      protein-11 (KMP-11) in EVs is related to the promotion of T.evansi infection via 
      AKT pathway.
FAU - Wei, Ran
AU  - Wei R
AD  - Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
FAU - Li, Xin
AU  - Li X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
FAU - Wang, Xiaocen
AU  - Wang X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
FAU - Zhang, Nan
AU  - Zhang N
AD  - Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
FAU - Wang, Yuru
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
FAU - Zhang, Xichen
AU  - Zhang X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
FAU - Gong, Pengtao
AU  - Gong P
AD  - Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
FAU - Li, Jianhua
AU  - Li J
AD  - Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education; College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Virulence
JT  - Virulence
JID - 101531386
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-12 Subunit p40)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Protozoan Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Tlr2 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Toll-Like Receptor 2)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines
MH  - *Extracellular Vesicles
MH  - *Immune Evasion
MH  - *Immunity, Innate
MH  - Interleukin-12 Subunit p40
MH  - Interleukin-6
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Knockout
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/*metabolism
MH  - Protozoan Proteins/immunology
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Toll-Like Receptor 2/*metabolism
MH  - *Trypanosoma/immunology/pathogenicity
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PMC - PMC8344757
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AKT
OT  - KMP-11
OT  - TLR2
OT  - Trypanosoma evansi
OT  - extracellular vesicles
OT  - immune evasion
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/08/06 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/28 06:00
PMCR- 2021/08/05
CRDT- 2021/08/05 05:29
PHST- 2021/08/05 05:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1959495 [pii]
AID - 10.1080/21505594.2021.1959495 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Virulence. 2021 Dec;12(1):2017-2036. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1959495.