PMID- 34365036 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211227 LR - 20211227 IS - 1532-1983 (Electronic) IS - 0261-5614 (Linking) VI - 40 IP - 8 DP - 2021 Aug TI - Postprandial concentration of circulating branched chain amino acids are able to predict the carbohydrate content of the ingested mixed meal. PG - 5020-5029 LID - S0261-5614(21)00350-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.016 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The amount of the macronutrients protein and carbohydrate (CHO) in a mixed meal is known to affect each other's digestion, absorption, and subsequent metabolism. While the effect of the amount of dietary protein and fat on the glycemic response is well studied, the ability of postprandial plasma amino acid patterns to predict the meal composition is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To study the postprandial plasma amino acid patterns in relation to the protein, CHO, and fat content of different mixed meals and to investigate if these patterns can predict the macronutrient meal composition. DESIGN: Ten older adults were given 9 meals with 3 different levels (low, medium, and high) of protein, CHO, and fat in different combinations, taking the medium content as that of a standardized western meal. We monitored the postprandial plasma response for amino acids, glucose, insulin, and triglycerides for 8 h and the areas under the curve (AUC) were subsequently calculated. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine if amino acid patterns could predict the meal composition. RESULTS: Increasing meal CHO content reduced the postprandial plasma response of several amino acids including all branched chain amino acids (BCAA) (leucine; q < 0.0001, isoleucine; q = 0.0035, valine; q = 0.0022). The plasma BCAA patterns after the meal significantly predicted the meal's CHO content (leucine; p < 0.0001, isoleucine; p = 0.0003, valine; p = 0.0008) along with aspartate (p < 0.0001), tyrosine (p < 0.0001), methionine (p = 0.0159) and phenylalanine (p = 0.0332). Plasma citrulline predicted best the fat content of the meal (p = 0.0024). CONCLUSIONS: The postprandial plasma BCAA patterns are lower with increasing meal CHO content and are strong predictors of a mixed meal protein and CHO composition, as are plasma citrulline for the fat content. We hypothesize that postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations can be used to predict the meal's macronutrient composition. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved. FAU - Hagve, Martin AU - Hagve M AD - Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept. Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Electronic address: m.hagve@ctral.org. FAU - Simbo, Sunday Y AU - Simbo SY AD - Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept. Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Electronic address: sy.simbo@ctral.org. FAU - Ruebush, Laura E AU - Ruebush LE AD - Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept. Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Electronic address: le.ruebush@ctral.org. FAU - Engelen, Marielle P K J AU - Engelen MPKJ AD - Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept. Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Electronic address: mpkj.engelen@ctral.org. FAU - Gutierrez-Osuna, Ricardo AU - Gutierrez-Osuna R AD - Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Electronic address: rgutier@tamu.edu. FAU - Mortazavi, Bobak J AU - Mortazavi BJ AD - Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Electronic address: bobakm@tamu.edu. FAU - Cote, Gerard L AU - Cote GL AD - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Electronic address: gcote@tamu.edu. FAU - Deutz, Nicolaas E P AU - Deutz NEP AD - Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Dept. Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Electronic address: nep.deutz@ctral.org. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20210719 PL - England TA - Clin Nutr JT - Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) JID - 8309603 RN - 0 (Amino Acids) RN - 0 (Amino Acids, Branched-Chain) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates) RN - 0 (Dietary Fats) RN - 0 (Dietary Proteins) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 0 (Triglycerides) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Amino Acids/blood MH - Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/*blood MH - Blood Glucose/analysis MH - Dietary Carbohydrates/*blood MH - Dietary Fats/blood MH - Dietary Proteins/blood MH - Eating/physiology MH - Female MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Insulin/blood MH - Male MH - Meals/*physiology MH - *Postprandial Period MH - Predictive Value of Tests MH - Triglycerides/blood OTO - NOTNLM OT - Amino acid OT - Macronutrients OT - Metabolic monitoring OT - Mixed meals OT - Prediction COIS- Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/08/09 06:00 MHDA- 2021/12/28 06:00 CRDT- 2021/08/08 20:37 PHST- 2021/03/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/06/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/07/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/08/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/12/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/08/08 20:37 [entrez] AID - S0261-5614(21)00350-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.016 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Nutr. 2021 Aug;40(8):5020-5029. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.016. Epub 2021 Jul 19.