PMID- 34371850
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210908
LR  - 20210908
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 7
DP  - 2021 Jul 9
TI  - Iron-Containing Oral Contraceptives and Their Effect on Hemoglobin and Biomarkers 
      of Iron Status: A Narrative Review.
LID - 10.3390/nu13072340 [doi]
LID - 2340
AB  - Oral contraceptive use has been associated with decreased menstrual blood losses; 
      thus, can independently reduce the risk of anemia and iron deficiency in women. 
      Manufacturers have recently started to include supplemental iron in the 
      non-hormonal placebo tablets of some contraceptives. The aims of this narrative 
      review are: (i) to describe the relationship between oral contraceptive use and 
      both anemia and iron status in women; (ii) to describe the current formulations 
      of iron-containing oral contraceptives (ICOC) available on the market; and (iii) 
      to systematically review the existing literature on the effect of ICOC on 
      biomarkers of anemia and iron status in women. We discovered 21 brands of ICOC, 
      most commonly including 25 mg elemental iron as ferrous fumarate, for seven days, 
      per monthly tablet package. Our search identified one randomized trial evaluating 
      the effectiveness of ICOC use compared to two non-ICOC on increasing hemoglobin 
      (Hb) and iron status biomarker concentrations in women; whereafter 12 months of 
      contraception use, there were no significant differences in Hb concentration nor 
      markers of iron status between the groups. ICOC has the potential to be a 
      cost-effective solution to address both family planning needs and iron deficiency 
      anemia. Yet, more rigorous trials evaluating the effectiveness of ICOC on 
      improving markers of anemia and iron deficiency, as well as investigating the 
      safety of its consumption among iron-replete populations, are warranted.
FAU - Fischer, Jordie A J
AU  - Fischer JAJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1268-5564
AD  - Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, 
      Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
AD  - Healthy Starts, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Ave, 
      Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
FAU - Sasai, Carolina S
AU  - Sasai CS
AD  - Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, 
      Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
FAU - Karakochuk, Crystal D
AU  - Karakochuk CD
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1025-2194
AD  - Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, 
      Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
AD  - Healthy Starts, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Ave, 
      Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20210709
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Contraceptives, Oral)
RN  - 0 (Ferrous Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Hemoglobins)
RN  - E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
RN  - R5L488RY0Q (ferrous fumarate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood/drug therapy
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Contraceptives, Oral/administration & dosage/*chemistry
MH  - Family Planning Services/methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Ferrous Compounds/*blood
MH  - Hemoglobins/*drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Iron/*administration & dosage/analysis
PMC - PMC8308850
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - anemia
OT  - birth control
OT  - contraceptive
OT  - ferritin
OT  - ferrous iron
OT  - hemoglobin
OT  - iron
OT  - iron deficiency
OT  - iron-containing oral contraceptives
OT  - oral contraceptive
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/08/11 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/09 06:00
PMCR- 2021/07/09
CRDT- 2021/08/10 01:02
PHST- 2021/06/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/07/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/07/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/10 01:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu13072340 [pii]
AID - nutrients-13-02340 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu13072340 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2021 Jul 9;13(7):2340. doi: 10.3390/nu13072340.