PMID- 34380442 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210816 LR - 20210817 IS - 1471-2458 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2458 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 1 DP - 2021 Aug 11 TI - The relationship between ambient temperature and fasting plasma glucose, temperature-adjusted type 2 diabetes prevalence and control rate: a series of cross-sectional studies in Guangdong Province, China. PG - 1534 LID - 10.1186/s12889-021-11563-5 [doi] LID - 1534 AB - BACKGROUND: There existed evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence and control rate have seasonal variation. Our study aimed to examine the ambient temperature and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) association and estimate temperature-adjusted T2DM prevalence and control rate. METHODS: Four cross-sectional health surveys with 26,350 respondents were conducted in Guangdong Province from 2007 to 2015. Multistage cluster sampling was used to recruit study participants. The data of demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, diet and use of hypoglycemic medicine, height, weight, FPG and meteorological information were collected. And an inverse distance-weighted method was employed to estimate daily temperature exposures at the individual' s residential district/county. Base on World Health Organization 2006 criteria, participants were divided into normal fasting glucose (NFG) participants (n = 23,877), known T2DM patients (n = 916) and newly detected T2DM patients (n = 1557). Generalized additive mixed model was employed to evaluate the nonlinear associations between temperature and FPG among different T2DM subgroups. The T2DM prevalence and control rate were estimated based on temperature-FPG association. RESULTS: The curves of temperature and FPG were downward parabola for total, NFG and known T2DM groups, while it was "U"-shaped for newly detected T2DM patients. When temperature decreased from 30 degrees C to 4 degrees C, the FPG significantly increased 0.24 (95%CI: 0.15, 0.33) mmol/L, 0.10 (95%CI: 0.06, 0.14) mmol/L and 1.34 (95%CI: 0.56, 2.12) mmol/L in total, NFG and known T2DM groups, respectively. Compared to 19 degrees C, newly detected T2DM patients' FPGs were increased 0.73 (95%CI: 0.13, 1.30) mmol/L at 4 degrees C and 0.53 (0.00, 1.07) mmol/L at 30 degrees C. The model-estimated temperature-adjusted T2DM prevalence had a down and up trend, with 9.7% at 5 degrees C, 8.9% at 20 degrees C and 9.4% at 30 degrees C, respectively. At 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees C, the model-estimated temperature-adjusted T2DM control rates were 33.2, 35.4, 38.2, 43.6, 49.1 and 55.2%. CONCLUSION: Temperature was negatively associated with FPG for NFG and known T2DM subgroups, while their association was U-shape for newly detected T2DM patients. Hence, the temperature-adjusted T2DM prevalence show a dip/peak pattern and T2DM control rate display a rising trend when temperature increase. Our findings suggest temperature should be considered in T2DM clinic management and epidemiological survey. CI - (c) 2021. The Author(s). FAU - Luo, Jiali AU - Luo J AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. AD - Huashan Town Health Center, Huadu District, Guangzhou, 510880, China. FAU - He, Guanhao AU - He G AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. AD - School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. FAU - Xu, Yanjun AU - Xu Y AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China. FAU - Chen, Zihui AU - Chen Z AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. FAU - Xu, Xiaojun AU - Xu X AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China. FAU - Peng, Jiewen AU - Peng J AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. FAU - Chen, Shaowei AU - Chen S AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. FAU - Hu, Jianxiong AU - Hu J AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. FAU - Ji, Guiyuan AU - Ji G AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. FAU - Liu, Tao AU - Liu T AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. FAU - Zeng, Weilin AU - Zeng W AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. FAU - Li, Xing AU - Li X AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. FAU - Xiao, Jianpeng AU - Xiao J AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. FAU - Guo, Lingchuan AU - Guo L AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. FAU - He, Qun AU - He Q AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. FAU - Ma, Wenjun AU - Ma W AD - Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China. mawj@gdiph.org.cn. AD - School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. mawj@gdiph.org.cn. LA - eng GR - 2018YFC1314100/national key research and development program of china/ GR - 2018YFA0606200/national key research and development program of china/ GR - 81874276/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ GR - 81502819/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ GR - 2019A1515011880/Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong, China/ GR - 2019B020230001/Guangdong Key Research and Development Program/ PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20210811 PL - England TA - BMC Public Health JT - BMC public health JID - 100968562 RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) SB - IM MH - *Blood Glucose MH - China/epidemiology MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology MH - Fasting MH - Humans MH - Prevalence MH - Temperature PMC - PMC8356456 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Ambient temperature OT - Fasting plasma glucose OT - Glycemic control rate OT - Prevalence OT - T2DM COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2021/08/13 06:00 MHDA- 2021/08/17 06:00 PMCR- 2021/08/11 CRDT- 2021/08/12 05:31 PHST- 2020/06/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/07/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/08/12 05:31 [entrez] PHST- 2021/08/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/08/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/08/11 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12889-021-11563-5 [pii] AID - 11563 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12889-021-11563-5 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Public Health. 2021 Aug 11;21(1):1534. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11563-5.