PMID- 34392157
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211027
LR  - 20211027
IS  - 1879-3363 (Electronic)
IS  - 0025-326X (Linking)
VI  - 172
DP  - 2021 Nov
TI  - Plasticrusts derive from maritime ropes scouring across raspy rocks.
PG  - 112841
LID - S0025-326X(21)00875-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112841 [doi]
AB  - Plasticrusts are a novel form of plastic debris which has only recently been 
      discovered in Madeira Island, NE Atlantic Ocean. Plasticrusts consist of plastic 
      encrusting wave-exposed rocky intertidal habitats and are presumably generated by 
      waves smashing plastic debris against intertidal rocks. However, direct 
      observations of this process are lacking and it is unknown which type of plastic 
      debris the plasticrusts derive from. Therefore, we examined the Madeira rocky 
      intertidal for signs of plasticrust formation and collected plasticrust and 
      co-occurring plastic debris pieces of matching colors. We examined all collected 
      materials using digital microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. 
      We found that plasticrusts can result from maritime ropes being scoured across 
      raspy intertidal rocks and that the plasticrusts and the corresponding ropes 
      consisted of polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). 
      Furthermore, we show that high temperatures contribute to plasticrust formation. 
      Thereby, our study provides first insights into the complex plasticrust formation 
      process.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ehlers, Sonja M
AU  - Ehlers SM
AD  - Department of Animal Ecology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, 56068 Koblenz, 
      Germany; Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, 
      56070 Koblenz, Germany. Electronic address: Ehlers@bafg.de.
FAU - Ellrich, Julius A
AU  - Ellrich JA
AD  - Independent Researcher, Hohenzollernstrasse 114, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
FAU - Gestoso, Ignacio
AU  - Gestoso I
AD  - MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agencia Regional para o 
      Desenvolvimento da Investigacao Tecnologia e Inovacao (ARDITI), Edificio Madeira 
      Tecnopolo, Madeira, Portugal; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 
      Edgewater, MD, United States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210812
PL  - England
TA  - Mar Pollut Bull
JT  - Marine pollution bulletin
JID - 0260231
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Waste Products)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Atlantic Ocean
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Plastics
MH  - Polyethylene
MH  - *Waste Products/analysis
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Environmental monitoring
OT  - Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
OT  - Plastic debris
OT  - Plasticrust formation process
OT  - Rocky intertidal
EDAT- 2021/08/16 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/28 06:00
CRDT- 2021/08/15 20:53
PHST- 2021/07/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/15 20:53 [entrez]
AID - S0025-326X(21)00875-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112841 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Nov;172:112841. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112841. Epub 
      2021 Aug 12.