PMID- 34395360
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210819
LR  - 20210819
IS  - 2296-2565 (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-2565 (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2021
TI  - Understanding the Spatial Predictors of Malnutrition Among 0-2 Years Children in 
      India Using Path Analysis.
PG  - 667502
LID - 10.3389/fpubh.2021.667502 [doi]
LID - 667502
AB  - Background: Despite several programs and policies to turn down the burden of 
      malnutrition in the country, the rank of India in the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 
      is 102 among 117 countries, which indicates a serious hunger situation. It is 
      essential to design more specific interventions by focusing on the key 
      determinants that may directly or indirectly influence malnutrition in India. 
      Methods: Utilizing data from the National Family and Health Survey-4 (NFHS) 
      (2015-16), we developed a structural equation model to find the direct, indirect, 
      and total effect of various determinants on stunting, wasting, and underweight. 
      We used spatial analysis to identify local occurrences of factors that are 
      critical in controlling malnutrition. A p-value of 0.05 was considered to be 
      significant throughout the study. Analysis was performed using STATA (version 
      15.1MP) and GeoDa software (version 1.14). Results: A final sample of 90, 842 
      children of 0-24 months of age was selected for the analysis. The CFI and TLI 
      values of 0.98 and 0.93, respectively, are indicative of a good fit model. 
      Moran's I value of global spatial autocorrelation for the widespread presence of 
      diarrhea, poor drinking water source, exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight, 
      no prenatal visits, poor toilet facility was observed to be 0.446, 0.638, 0.345, 
      0.439, 0.620, and 0.727, respectively. Conclusion: A robust direct relation was 
      observed for diarrhea, exclusive breastfeeding, and children born with stunting, 
      underweight, and wasting. The variables associated indirectly with the outcome 
      variables were the education of the mother, residence, and desired pregnancy. The 
      identification of hotspots through spatial analysis would help revive control 
      strategies in the affected area according to geographical needs. It is 
      extensively addressed that interventions related to health and nutrition during 
      the first 1, 000 days of life is crucial to seize the upshoot of growth 
      floundering among children.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Singh, Alam, Majumdar, Tiwary, Narzari and Mahendradhata.
FAU - Singh, Monika
AU  - Singh M
AD  - District Resource Unit, Bihar Technical Support Program, Care India, West 
      Champaran, India.
AD  - Institute of Health Management Research, IIHMR University, Jaipur, India.
FAU - Alam, Md Sayeef
AU  - Alam MS
AD  - Department of Fertility Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, 
      Mumbai, India.
FAU - Majumdar, Piyusha
AU  - Majumdar P
AD  - Institute of Health Management Research, IIHMR University, Jaipur, India.
FAU - Tiwary, Bhaskar
AU  - Tiwary B
AD  - Institute of Health Management Research, IIHMR University, Jaipur, India.
AD  - Concurrent Measurement and Learning Unit, Bihar Technical Support Program, Care 
      India, Saharsa, India.
FAU - Narzari, Hina
AU  - Narzari H
AD  - Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for 
      Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
FAU - Mahendradhata, Yodi
AU  - Mahendradhata Y
AD  - Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health 
      and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210730
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Public Health
JT  - Frontiers in public health
JID - 101616579
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - *Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Growth Disorders/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - *Malnutrition/diagnosis
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Thinness
PMC - PMC8362662
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - path analysis
OT  - spatial analysis
OT  - stunting
OT  - underweight
OT  - wasting
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/08/17 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/20 06:00
PMCR- 2021/07/30
CRDT- 2021/08/16 06:01
PHST- 2021/02/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/05/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/16 06:01 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpubh.2021.667502 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Public Health. 2021 Jul 30;9:667502. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.667502. 
      eCollection 2021.