PMID- 34401593
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240403
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 8
DP  - 2021 Aug
TI  - Cardiovascular risk assessment among type-2 diabetic subjects in selected areas 
      of Bangladesh: concordance among without cholesterol-based WHO/ISH, Globorisk, 
      and Framingham risk prediction tools.
PG  - e07728
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07728 [doi]
LID - e07728
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is higher among the subjects with 
      type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in low- and middle-income countries, like 
      Bangladesh. However, there is no relevant available online published data for 
      this country. We aimed at assessing the 10-year CVD risk among T2DM subjects in 
      selected areas of Bangladesh using the without cholesterol-based joint World 
      Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH), Globorisk, 
      and Framingham Risk Score (FRS) risk prediction tools, and also evaluating the 
      concordance among these tools. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this paper, we extracted 
      a total of 327 subjects (40-60 years aged) from an observational study with 356 
      subjects, excluding those with diagnosed CVDs. The subjects were selected 
      conveniently from purposively selected respective diabetic hospitals of Pirojpur 
      and Dinajpur districts. We used the required respective variables of WHO/ISH, 
      Globorisk, and FRS tools to predict CVD risks. The risks were categorized as low 
      (<10%), moderate (10-<20%), high (20-<30%) and very high (>/=30%). RESULTS: 
      Subjects at moderate CVD risk were much higher identified by Globorisk (37.0%) 
      and FRS (38.8%) compared to WHO/ISH (15.3%), and the same scenarios have also 
      been observed for high (13.5%, 19.3% and 2.4%, respectively) and very high (5.5%, 
      17.4% and 1.8%, respectively) risks. There was fair level of concordance between 
      WHO/ISH and Globorisk (PABAK-OS k = 0.37; 95% CI 0.33-0.42; P < 0.001), and 
      Globorisk and FRS (PABAK-OS k = 0.34; 95% CI 0.30-0.39; P < 0.001). And, between 
      WHO/ISH and FRS, it was none to slight level (PABAK-OS k = 0.09, 95% CI 
      0.04-0.14; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of the selected 
      study subjects is at moderate to very high risk of developing CVDs predicted 
      especially by Globorisk and FRS compared to WHO/ISH, indicating low concordance. 
      With and without cholesterol-based studies can answer the problem more clearly.
CI  - (c) 2021 The Author(s).
FAU - Mondal, Rajib
AU  - Mondal R
AD  - Department of Public Health, Hamdard University Bangladesh (HUB), Gazaria, 
      Munshiganj, Bangladesh.
AD  - Department of Public Health and Research, Center for Noncommunicable Diseases 
      Prevention Control Rehabilitation & Research (CeNoR), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
FAU - Ritu, Rani Baroi
AU  - Ritu RB
AD  - Department of Public Health and Research, Center for Noncommunicable Diseases 
      Prevention Control Rehabilitation & Research (CeNoR), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
FAU - Banik, Palash Chandra
AU  - Banik PC
AD  - Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences 
      (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210805
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC8358158
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bangladesh
OT  - Cardiovascular risk
OT  - Concordance
OT  - Diabetic subjects
OT  - Without cholesterol-based tools
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/08/18 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/18 06:01
PMCR- 2021/08/05
CRDT- 2021/08/17 07:33
PHST- 2021/01/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/07/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/17 07:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/18 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(21)01831-4 [pii]
AID - e07728 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07728 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2021 Aug 5;7(8):e07728. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07728. eCollection 
      2021 Aug.