PMID- 34404853
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211117
LR  - 20211117
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Aug 17
TI  - Phase stable swept-source optical coherence tomography with active mode-locking 
      laser for contrast enhancements of retinal angiography.
PG  - 16636
LID - 10.1038/s41598-021-95982-9 [doi]
LID - 16636
AB  - Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) is an attractive high-speed 
      imaging technique for retinal angiography. However, conventional swept lasers 
      vary the cavity length of the laser mechanically to tune the output wavelength. 
      This causes sweep-timing jitter and hence low phase stability in OCT angiography. 
      Here, we improve an earlier phase-stabilized, akinetic, SS-OCT angiography (OCTA) 
      method by introducing coherent averaging. We develop an active mode-locking (AML) 
      laser as a high phase-stable akinetic swept source for the OCTA system. The phase 
      stability of the improved system was analyzed, and the effects of coherent 
      averaging were validated using a retina phantom. The effectiveness of the 
      coherent averaging method was further confirmed by comparing coherently and 
      conventionally averaged en face images of human retinal vasculature for their 
      contrast-to-noise ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, and vasculature connectivity. The 
      contrast-to-noise ratio was approximately 1.3 times larger when applying the 
      coherent averaging method in the human retinal experiment. Our coherent averaging 
      method with the high phase-stability AML laser source for OCTA provides a 
      valuable tool for studying healthy and diseased retinas.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s).
FAU - Park, Kwan Seob
AU  - Park KS
AD  - Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and 
      Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
FAU - Park, Eunwoo
AU  - Park E
AD  - Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and 
      Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
FAU - Lee, Hwidon
AU  - Lee H
AD  - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
AD  - Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts 
      General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
FAU - Lee, Hyun-Ji
AU  - Lee HJ
AD  - Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 
      267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
AD  - Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology, 217 
      Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
FAU - Lee, Sang-Won
AU  - Lee SW
AD  - Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 
      267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
AD  - Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology, 217 
      Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
FAU - Eom, Tae Joong
AU  - Eom TJ
AD  - Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and 
      Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea. 
      eomtj@gist.ac.kr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210817
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (Contrast Media)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Contrast Media
MH  - Fluorescein Angiography/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Phantoms, Imaging
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Retinal Vessels/*diagnostic imaging
MH  - Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods
PMC - PMC8371173
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/08/19 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/18 06:00
PMCR- 2021/08/17
CRDT- 2021/08/18 06:10
PHST- 2021/04/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/07/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/18 06:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-95982-9 [pii]
AID - 95982 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-021-95982-9 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 17;11(1):16636. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95982-9.