PMID- 34405702
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220316
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1552-9924 (Electronic)
IS  - 0091-6765 (Print)
IS  - 0091-6765 (Linking)
VI  - 129
IP  - 8
DP  - 2021 Aug
TI  - Chlorinated Paraffin Levels in Relation to Other Persistent Organic Pollutants 
      Found in Pooled Human Milk Samples from Primiparous Mothers in 53 Countries.
PG  - 87004
LID - 10.1289/EHP7696 [doi]
LID - 087004
AB  - BACKGROUND: The current production and use of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) at 
       > 1 million tons/y likely exceeds the lifetime production of polychlorinated 
      biphenyls (PCBs). These persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a concern to 
      human health. OBJECTIVES: The United Nations Environment Programme conducts 
      global surveys of human milk samples from individual countries as a noninvasive 
      method of investigating levels and trends in human exposures to POPs such as CPs. 
      We measured CP concentrations and assessed their relation to other POPs in pooled 
      samples collected during 2012-2019. METHODS: We analyzed 57 official nationwide 
      pooled milk samples from 53 countries on five continents (Africa, Central/South 
      America, Asia, Europe, and Australia/Oceania). CP concentrations were further 
      characterized by subgroups and compared with concentrations of 19 other POPs, 
      including PCBs and a variety of pesticides. RESULTS: CPs were detected in pooled 
      samples from all 53 countries, with concentrations of 23 - 700 ng/g lipid. CPs 
      accounted for 18-46% of the total summed POPs in human milk, second only to 
      dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). CP concentrations exceeded PCB 
      concentrations in pooled samples from most countries. DISCUSSION: The presence of 
      CPs in all samples, including samples from isolated locations (e.g., Pacific 
      Island countries), emphasizes the ubiquitous presence of these compounds, whereas 
      differences in subgroup ratios indicate a delay in the shift toward nonregulated 
      medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) for these regions. The predominance of MCCPs in samples 
      from many countries suggests a need for regulation and research on health 
      effects. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7696.
FAU - Kratschmer, Kerstin
AU  - Kratschmer K
AD  - European Union Reference Laboratory for Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants 
      in Feed and Food at State Institute for Chemical and Veterinary Analysis, 
      Freiburg, Germany.
AD  - Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
FAU - Malisch, Rainer
AU  - Malisch R
AD  - European Union Reference Laboratory for Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants 
      in Feed and Food at State Institute for Chemical and Veterinary Analysis, 
      Freiburg, Germany.
FAU - Vetter, Walter
AU  - Vetter W
AD  - Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210818
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Health Perspect
JT  - Environmental health perspectives
JID - 0330411
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 8002-74-2 (Paraffin)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
MH  - Milk, Human/chemistry
MH  - Mothers
MH  - Paraffin/analysis
MH  - Persistent Organic Pollutants
MH  - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
PMC - PMC8371996
EDAT- 2021/08/19 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/17 06:00
PMCR- 2021/08/18
CRDT- 2021/08/18 08:44
PHST- 2021/08/18 08:44 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - EHP7696 [pii]
AID - 10.1289/EHP7696 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Health Perspect. 2021 Aug;129(8):87004. doi: 10.1289/EHP7696. Epub 2021 
      Aug 18.