PMID- 34407201
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211203
LR  - 20211214
IS  - 1938-5404 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-7587 (Linking)
VI  - 196
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Oct 1
TI  - Effects of Microwave 10 GHz Radiation Exposure in the Skin of Rats: An Insight on 
      Molecular Responses.
PG  - 404-416
LID - 10.1667/RADE-20-00155.1 [doi]
AB  - Microwave (MW) radiation poses the risk of potential hazards on human health. The 
      present study investigated the effects of MW 10 GHz exposure for 3 h/day for 30 
      days at power densities of 5.23 +/- 0.25 and 10.01 +/- 0.15 mW/cm2 in the skin of 
      rats. The animals exposed to 10 mW/cm2 (corresponded to twice the ICNIRP-2020 
      occupational reference level of MW exposure for humans) exhibited significant 
      biophysical, biochemical, molecular and histological alterations compared to 
      sham-irradiated animals. Infrared thermography revealed an increase in average 
      skin surface temperature by 1.8 degrees C and standard deviation of 0.3 degrees C after 30 days 
      of 10 mW/cm2 MW exposure compared to the sham-irradiated animals. MW exposure 
      also led to oxidative stress (ROS, 4-HNE, LPO, AOPP), inflammatory responses 
      (NFkB, iNOS/NOS2, COX-2) and metabolic alterations [hexokinase (HK), lactate 
      dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthase (CS) and glucose-6-phospahte dehydrogenase 
      (G6PD)] in 10 mW/cm2 irradiated rat skin. A significant alteration in expression 
      of markers associated with cell survival (Akt/PKB) and HSP27/p38MAPK-related 
      stress-response signaling cascade was observed in 10 mW/cm2 irradiated rat skin 
      compared to sham-irradiated rat skin. However, MW-irradiated groups did not show 
      apoptosis, evident by unchanged caspase-3 levels. Histopathological analysis 
      revealed a mild cytoarchitectural alteration in epidermal layer and slight 
      aggregation of leukocytes in 10 mW/cm2 irradiated rat skin. Altogether, the 
      present findings demonstrated that 10 GHz exposure in continuous-wave mode at 10 
      mW/cm2 (3 h/day, 30 days) led to significant alterations in molecular markers 
      associated with adaptive stress-response in rat skin. Furthermore, systematic 
      scientific studies on more prevalent pulsed-mode of MW-radiation exposure for 
      prolonged duration are warranted.
CI  - (c)2021 by Radiation Research Society. All rights of reproduction in any form 
      reserved.
FAU - Verma, Saurabh
AU  - Verma S
AD  - Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
FAU - Keshri, Gaurav K
AU  - Keshri GK
AD  - Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
FAU - Karmakar, Santanu
AU  - Karmakar S
AD  - Microwave Tube Research and Development Centre (MTRDC), DRDO, Bangalore, India.
FAU - Mani, Kumar Vyonkesh
AU  - Mani KV
AD  - Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
FAU - Chauhan, Satish
AU  - Chauhan S
AD  - Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
FAU - Yadav, Anju
AU  - Yadav A
AD  - Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
FAU - Sharma, Manish
AU  - Sharma M
AD  - Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
FAU - Gupta, Asheesh
AU  - Gupta A
AD  - Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Radiat Res
JT  - Radiation research
JID - 0401245
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Microwaves
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - Rats
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - *Skin
EDAT- 2021/08/19 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2021/08/18 17:28
PHST- 2020/06/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/18 17:28 [entrez]
AID - 469568 [pii]
AID - 10.1667/RADE-20-00155.1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Radiat Res. 2021 Oct 1;196(4):404-416. doi: 10.1667/RADE-20-00155.1.