PMID- 34413283
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211011
LR  - 20230308
IS  - 2158-3188 (Electronic)
IS  - 2158-3188 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Aug 19
TI  - Cortisol and inflammatory biomarker levels in youths with attention deficit 
      hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): evidence from a systematic review with 
      meta-analysis.
PG  - 430
LID - 10.1038/s41398-021-01550-0 [doi]
LID - 430
AB  - Several studies reported abnormal cortisol and inflammatory biomarker levels in 
      youths with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the results have 
      not been conclusive. We conducted a systematic review followed by a meta-analysis 
      of case-control studies assessing blood or saliva cortisol levels and blood 
      levels of inflammatory biomarkers in youth with ADHD. The effect sizes (ES) were 
      synthesized by using a random-effects model. In the 19 studies on cortisol levels 
      (totaling n = 916 youth with ADHD and n = 947 typically developing (TD), healthy 
      youth), youth with ADHD have lower basal cortisol levels at any time-points 
      during the day (effect size: .68; p = 0.004) and lower cumulative levels of 
      cortisol (ES: .39, p = .008) throughout the day than TD youth. Moreover, morning 
      cortisol levels were lower in ADHD youth when compared with TD youth (14 studies, 
      n = 1679, ES: .84, p = 0.003), while there is no difference for the afternoon 
      cortisol levels (p = 0.48). The meta-analysis on inflammation biomarker was 
      conducted on 4 studies (totaling n = 404 youth) showed that Tumour Necrosis 
      Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was lower in ADHD when compared with TD (3 studies, n = 257 
      youth, p = 0.004), while no differences for Interleukin-1beta(IL-1beta) (p = 0.21), 
      IL-6 (p = 0.09) and IL-10 (p = 0.77). The lower cortisol in the context of low 
      TNF-alpha levels may indicate a specific pattern of biomarkers in ADHD, and further 
      investigation is warranted.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s).
FAU - Chang, Jane Pei-Chen
AU  - Chang JP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5582-0928
AD  - Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. peko80@gmail.com.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and MBI-Lab, China Medical University Hospital, 
      Taichung, Taiwan. peko80@gmail.com.
AD  - College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 
      peko80@gmail.com.
FAU - Su, Kuan-Pin
AU  - Su KP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4501-2502
AD  - Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and MBI-Lab, China Medical University Hospital, 
      Taichung, Taiwan.
AD  - College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
AD  - An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
FAU - Mondelli, Valeria
AU  - Mondelli V
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8690-6839
AD  - Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
FAU - Pariante, Carmine M
AU  - Pariante CM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9132-5091
AD  - Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - G108/603/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - MR/L014815/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - MR/J002739/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Meta-Analysis
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20210819
PL  - United States
TA  - Transl Psychiatry
JT  - Translational psychiatry
JID - 101562664
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hydrocortisone
MH  - Saliva
PMC - PMC8377148
COIS- Dr. Chang and Dr. Su declare no conflict of interest. Dr. Pariante and Dr. 
      Mondelli have received research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV/Janssen 
      Pharmaceutical Companies of Jonhson&Jonhson. Dr. Pariante has also received 
      speaker's fees from Lundbeck and consultation fees from Consultant to Eleusis 
      Benefit Corporation.
EDAT- 2021/08/21 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/12 06:00
PMCR- 2021/08/19
CRDT- 2021/08/20 06:03
PHST- 2021/01/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/07/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/20 06:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41398-021-01550-0 [pii]
AID - 1550 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41398-021-01550-0 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Transl Psychiatry. 2021 Aug 19;11(1):430. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01550-0.