PMID- 34414423
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211105
LR  - 20220829
IS  - 2576-9456 (Print)
IS  - 2475-7241 (Electronic)
IS  - 2475-7241 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 6
DP  - 2021 Nov 1
TI  - Sample Processing and Stability for Urine Biomarker Studies.
PG  - 1628-1634
LID - 10.1093/jalm/jfab082 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Current methods of processing and storing urine samples have not been 
      compared systematically to determine optimal conditions for advancing research on 
      urinary biomarkers. Often, preanalytical handling is nonideal, especially 
      considering the COVID-19 pandemic; consequently, we compared the effects of 
      different short-term storage and processing methods on urinary biomarker 
      measurements. METHODS: Spot urine samples were collected via a Foley catheter 
      from 20 hospitalized patients from the Yale New Haven Hospital within 48 hours 
      postcardiac surgery. The effects of 3 urine storage and processing methods on 
      biomarkers were tested: (a) 48-hour temporary storage at 4  degrees C prior to freezing 
      at -80  degrees C, (b) 48-hour temporary storage at 25  degrees C prior to freezing at -80  degrees C, 
      and (c) no centrifugation and immediate storage at -80  degrees C. Established Meso-Scale 
      Device assay methods were used to measure the urine concentrations of 18 
      biomarkers: interferon gamma (IFN-ɣ), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, 
      IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), 
      epidermal growth factor (EGF), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), 
      osteopontin (OPN), uromodulin (UMOD), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), monocyte 
      chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40). 
      RESULTS: Measurements of most biomarkers investigated remained stable after 
      temporary storage at 4  degrees C. IL-6, IL-8, KIM-1, MCP-1, YKL-40, EGF, and NGAL were 
      stable across all 3 processing conditions. IL-12p70 and IL-4 demonstrated 
      significant differences in all tested conditions compared to the reference 
      standard. CONCLUSIONS: We identified several notable biomarkers that are robust 
      to variations in preanalytical techniques and can be reliably investigated with 
      nonideal handling conditions.
CI  - (c) American Association for Clinical Chemistry 2021. All rights reserved. For 
      permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Chang, Crystal
AU  - Chang C
AD  - Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School 
      of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
FAU - Obeid, Wassim
AU  - Obeid W
AD  - Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School 
      of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
FAU - Thiessen-Philbrook, Heather
AU  - Thiessen-Philbrook H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2067-0514
AD  - Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School 
      of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
FAU - Parikh, Chirag R
AU  - Parikh CR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9051-7385
AD  - Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School 
      of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HL085757/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR001863/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30 DK079310/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01HL085757/NH/NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UH3 DK114866/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U01 DK082185/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - England
TA  - J Appl Lab Med
JT  - The journal of applied laboratory medicine
JID - 101693884
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Acute Kidney Injury
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - *COVID-19
MH  - Humans
MH  - Pandemics
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
MH  - Specimen Handling
PMC - PMC8561784
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - acute kidney injury
OT  - biospecimen handling
OT  - biospecimen storage
OT  - protein stability
OT  - urinalysis
EDAT- 2021/08/21 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/06 06:00
PMCR- 2022/08/28
CRDT- 2021/08/20 07:12
PHST- 2021/03/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/20 07:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/08/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 6355316 [pii]
AID - jfab082 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/jalm/jfab082 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Appl Lab Med. 2021 Nov 1;6(6):1628-1634. doi: 10.1093/jalm/jfab082.