PMID- 34433482
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210906
LR  - 20210906
IS  - 1550-2783 (Electronic)
IS  - 1550-2783 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Aug 25
TI  - Prevalence, factors associated with use, and adverse effects of sport-related 
      nutritional supplements (sport drinks, sport bars, sport gels): the US military 
      dietary supplement use study.
PG  - 59
LID - 10.1186/s12970-021-00457-x [doi]
LID - 59
AB  - BACKGROUND: Sport-related nutritional supplements (SRNSs) include sport drinks, 
      sport bars, and sport gels. Previous studies indicate that 25-35 % of athletes 
      and 25-50 % of military personnel report using these supplements. This study 
      examined prevalence, factors associated with use, and adverse effects (AEs) of 
      SRNSs among United States military service members (SMs). METHODS: A stratified 
      random sample of 200,000 SMs was obtained from military workforce records, and 
      asked to complete a survey on demographics, SRNS use, and AEs experienced. About 
      18 % (n = 26,681) of contacted SMs (n = 146,365) completed the survey between 
      December 2018 and August 2019. RESULTS: Overall, 45 % of SMs used >/= 1 SRNS at 
      least once per week in the past 6 months. Prevalence of use (+/- standard error) 
      for sport drinks, bars, and gels were 32 +/- 0.3, 27 +/- 0.3, and 3 +/- 0.1 %, 
      respectively. Use of 1, 2, or 3 SRNSs was 28.9 +/- 0.5, 13.6 +/- 0.6, and 
      2.2 +/- 0.6 %, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression indicated greater 
      use of any SRNS was independently associated with male gender, younger age, 
      single marital status, more weekly aerobic or resistance training, tobacco use, 
      higher alcohol intake, officer status, combat arms occupations, and service in 
      the Marine Corps or Navy (compared to the Air Force). Overall, the proportion of 
      users reporting >/= 1 AE was 2.0 +/- 0.1 %, with 1.3 +/- 0.1 % for sport drinks, 
      1.6 +/- 0.2 % for sport bars, and 2.8 +/- 0.6 % for sport gels. CONCLUSIONS: This 
      large study of a stratified random sample of SMs found that nearly half of SMs 
      consumed SRNSs weekly, and self-reported AEs were comparatively low. The AE 
      incidence for SRNSs was much lower than typically found for dietary supplements, 
      possibly because of more rigorous regulatory oversight for SRNSs.
CI  - (c) 2021. The Author(s).
FAU - Knapik, Joseph J
AU  - Knapik JJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1568-1860
AD  - Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental 
      Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA. 
      joseph.j.knapik.civ@mail.mil.
AD  - Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 
      USA. joseph.j.knapik.civ@mail.mil.
FAU - Trone, Daniel W
AU  - Trone DW
AD  - Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
FAU - Steelman, Ryan A
AU  - Steelman RA
AD  - Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.
FAU - Farina, Emily K
AU  - Farina EK
AD  - Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental 
      Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
FAU - Lieberman, Harris R
AU  - Lieberman HR
AD  - Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental 
      Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - NA/Department of Defense/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210825
PL  - United States
TA  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr
JT  - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
JID - 101234168
RN  - 0 (Gels)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Beverages
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Dietary Supplements/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Female
MH  - Gels
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Military Personnel/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - United States
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC8390290
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alcohol
OT  - Demographics
OT  - Occupation
OT  - Tobacco
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2021/08/27 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/07 06:00
PMCR- 2021/08/25
CRDT- 2021/08/26 05:32
PHST- 2021/04/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/07/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/26 05:32 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12970-021-00457-x [pii]
AID - 457 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12970-021-00457-x [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Aug 25;18(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00457-x.