PMID- 34434228
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220120
LR  - 20220120
IS  - 1687-5443 (Electronic)
IS  - 2090-5904 (Print)
IS  - 1687-5443 (Linking)
VI  - 2021
DP  - 2021
TI  - Improving Clinical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial Dysfunctions in Patients with 
      Schizophrenia: A Neurofeedback Randomized Control Trial.
PG  - 4488664
LID - 10.1155/2021/4488664 [doi]
LID - 4488664
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to use neurofeedback (NF) training as the 
      add-on therapy in patients with schizophrenia to improve their clinical, 
      cognitive, and psychosocial condition. The study, thanks to the monitoring of 
      various conditions, quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) and brain-derived 
      neurotrophic factor (BDNF), was supposed to give an insight into mechanisms 
      underlying NF training results. METHODS: Forty-four male patients with 
      schizophrenia, currently in a stable, incomplete remission, were recruited into 
      two, 3-month rehabilitation programs, with standard rehabilitation as a control 
      group (R) or with add-on NF training (NF). Pre- and posttherapy primary outcomes 
      were compared: clinical (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)), cognitive 
      (Color Trails Test (CTT), d2 test), psychosocial functioning (General 
      Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS), and Acceptance 
      of Illness Scale (AIS)), quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG), auditory 
      event-related potentials (ERPs), and serum level of BDNF. Results. Both groups R 
      and NF improved significantly in clinical ratings (Positive and Negative Syndrome 
      Scale (PANSS)). In-between analyses unveiled some advantages of add-on NF therapy 
      over standard rehabilitation. GSES scores improved significantly, giving the NF 
      group of patients greater ability to cope with stressful or difficult social 
      demands. Also, the serum-level BDNF increased significantly more in the NF group. 
      Post hoc analyses indicated the possibility of creating a separate PANSS 
      subsyndrome, specifically related to cognitive, psychosocial, and BDNF effects of 
      NF therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Neurofeedback can be effectively used as the add-on 
      therapy in schizophrenia rehabilitation programs. The method requires further 
      research regarding its clinical specificity and understanding mechanisms of 
      action.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Renata Markiewicz et al.
FAU - Markiewicz, Renata
AU  - Markiewicz R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4626-8128
AD  - Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of 
      Lublin, Poland.
FAU - Markiewicz-Gospodarek, Agnieszka
AU  - Markiewicz-Gospodarek A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6266-0261
AD  - Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 
      Poland.
FAU - Dobrowolska, Beata
AU  - Dobrowolska B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9178-9534
AD  - Department of Management in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical 
      University of Lublin, Poland.
FAU - Loza, Bartosz
AU  - Loza B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2571-8652
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20210812
PL  - United States
TA  - Neural Plast
JT  - Neural plasticity
JID - 100883417
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 7171WSG8A2 (BDNF protein, human)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood
MH  - Cognition/*physiology
MH  - Electroencephalography
MH  - Evoked Potentials/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neurofeedback/*methods
MH  - *Psychosocial Functioning
MH  - Schizophrenia/blood/physiopathology/*therapy
MH  - *Schizophrenic Psychology
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC8380506
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/08/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/21 06:00
PMCR- 2021/08/12
CRDT- 2021/08/26 06:10
PHST- 2021/06/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/07/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/26 06:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2021/4488664 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Neural Plast. 2021 Aug 12;2021:4488664. doi: 10.1155/2021/4488664. eCollection 
      2021.