PMID- 34439483
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220522
IS  - 2076-3921 (Print)
IS  - 2076-3921 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-3921 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 8
DP  - 2021 Jul 31
TI  - Anthocyanins Promote Learning through Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity Related 
      Proteins in an Animal Model of Ageing.
LID - 10.3390/antiox10081235 [doi]
LID - 1235
AB  - Anthocyanin-rich foods, such as berries, reportedly ameliorate age-related 
      cognitive deficits in both animals and humans. Despite this, investigation into 
      the mechanisms which underpin anthocyanin-mediated learning and memory benefits 
      remains relatively limited. The present study investigates the effects of 
      anthocyanin intake on a spatial working memory paradigm, assessed via the 
      cross-maze apparatus, and relates behavioural test performance to underlying 
      molecular mechanisms. Six-week supplementation with pure anthocyanins (2% w/w), 
      administered throughout the learning phase of the task, improved both spatial and 
      psychomotor performances in aged rats. Behavioural outputs were accompanied by 
      changes in the expression profile of key proteins integral to synaptic 
      function/maintenance, with upregulation of dystrophin, protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) 
      and tyrosine hydroxylase, and downregulation of apoptotic proteins B-cell 
      lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL) and the phosphorylated rapidly accelerated 
      fibrosarcoma (p-Raf). Separate immunoblot analysis supported these observations, 
      indicating increased activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1), 
      Akt Ser473, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) Ser2448, activity-regulated 
      cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg 3.1) and brain-derived neurotrophic 
      factor (BDNF) in response to anthocyanin treatment, whilst alpha-E-catenin, c-Jun 
      N-terminal kinase (JNK1) and p38 protein levels decreased. Together, these 
      findings suggest that purified anthocyanin consumption enhances spatial learning 
      and motor coordination in aged animals and can be attributed to the modulation of 
      key synaptic proteins, which support integrity and maintenance of synaptic 
      function.
FAU - Vauzour, David
AU  - Vauzour D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5952-8756
AD  - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of 
      East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
FAU - Rendeiro, Catarina
AU  - Rendeiro C
AD  - School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, 
      Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
FAU - D'Amato, Alfonsina
AU  - D'Amato A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8147-7235
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
FAU - Waffo-Teguo, Pierre
AU  - Waffo-Teguo P
AD  - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unite de Recherche OEnologie EA 4577, University 
      of Bordeaux, USC 1366 INRA, Equipe Molecules d'Interet Biologique, 210 Chemin de 
      Leysotte, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
FAU - Richard, Tristan
AU  - Richard T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5308-8697
AD  - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unite de Recherche OEnologie EA 4577, University 
      of Bordeaux, USC 1366 INRA, Equipe Molecules d'Interet Biologique, 210 Chemin de 
      Leysotte, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
FAU - Merillon, Jean Michel
AU  - Merillon JM
AD  - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unite de Recherche OEnologie EA 4577, University 
      of Bordeaux, USC 1366 INRA, Equipe Molecules d'Interet Biologique, 210 Chemin de 
      Leysotte, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
FAU - Pontifex, Matthew G
AU  - Pontifex MG
AD  - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of 
      East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
FAU - Connell, Emily
AU  - Connell E
AD  - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of 
      East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
FAU - Muller, Michael
AU  - Muller M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5930-9905
AD  - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of 
      East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
FAU - Butler, Laurie T
AU  - Butler LT
AD  - Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, 
      UK.
FAU - Williams, Claire M
AU  - Williams CM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4452-671X
AD  - School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, 
      Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
FAU - Spencer, Jeremy P E
AU  - Spencer JPE
AD  - Molecular Nutrition Group, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of 
      Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - BB/F008953/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United 
      Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210731
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Antioxidants (Basel)
JT  - Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101668981
PMC - PMC8388918
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - brain
OT  - cognition
OT  - flavonoids
OT  - neuroprotection
OT  - signalling
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/08/28 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/28 06:01
PMCR- 2021/07/31
CRDT- 2021/08/27 01:04
PHST- 2021/06/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/06/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/07/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/27 01:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/28 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/07/31 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - antiox10081235 [pii]
AID - antioxidants-10-01235 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/antiox10081235 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jul 31;10(8):1235. doi: 10.3390/antiox10081235.