PMID- 34451254
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210831
IS  - 2073-4360 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4360 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 16
DP  - 2021 Aug 13
TI  - Visualization of Activated Area on Polymers for Evaluation of Atmospheric 
      Pressure Plasma Jets.
LID - 10.3390/polym13162711 [doi]
LID - 2711
AB  - The treatment of a polymer surface using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet 
      (APPJ) causes a local increase of the surface free energy (SFE). The 
      plasma-treated zone can be visualized with the use of a test ink and 
      quantitatively evaluated. However, the inked area is shrinking with time. The 
      shrinkage characteristics are collected using activation image recording (AIR). 
      The recording is conducted by a digital camera. The physical mechanisms of 
      activation area shrinkage are discussed. The error sources are analyzed and 
      methods of error reduction are proposed. The standard deviation of the activation 
      area is less than 3%. Three polymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), 
      high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyoxymethylene (POM), are examined as a 
      test substrate material. Due to a wide variation range of SFE and a small 
      hydrophobic recovery, HDPE is chosen. Since the chemical mixtures tend to 
      temporal changes of the stoichiometry, the pure formamide test ink with 58 mN/m 
      is selected. The method is tested for the characterization of five different 
      types of discharge: (i) pulsed arc APPJ with the power of about 700 W; (ii) 
      piezoelectric direct discharge APPJ; (iii) piezoelectric driven needle corona in 
      ambient air; (iv) piezoelectric driven plasma needle in argon; and (v) 
      piezoelectric driven dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). For piezoelectrically 
      driven discharges, the power was either 4.5 W or 8 W. It is shown how the AIR 
      method can be used to solve different engineering problems.
FAU - Korzec, Dariusz
AU  - Korzec D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6297-0163
AD  - Relyon Plasma GmbH, Osterhofener Strasse 6, 93055 Regensburg, Germany.
FAU - Andres, Thomas
AU  - Andres T
AD  - Relyon Plasma GmbH, Osterhofener Strasse 6, 93055 Regensburg, Germany.
FAU - Brandes, Eva
AU  - Brandes E
AD  - Relyon Plasma GmbH, Osterhofener Strasse 6, 93055 Regensburg, Germany.
FAU - Nettesheim, Stefan
AU  - Nettesheim S
AD  - Relyon Plasma GmbH, Osterhofener Strasse 6, 93055 Regensburg, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210813
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Polymers (Basel)
JT  - Polymers
JID - 101545357
PMC - PMC8401304
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - atmospheric pressure plasma jet
OT  - dielectric barrier discharge
OT  - piezoelectric direct discharge
OT  - surface activation
OT  - surface free energy
OT  - test ink
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/08/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/29 06:01
PMCR- 2021/08/13
CRDT- 2021/08/28 01:03
PHST- 2021/06/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/07/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/28 01:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - polym13162711 [pii]
AID - polymers-13-02711 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/polym13162711 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Polymers (Basel). 2021 Aug 13;13(16):2711. doi: 10.3390/polym13162711.