PMID- 34452169
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240403
IS  - 1999-4923 (Print)
IS  - 1999-4923 (Electronic)
IS  - 1999-4923 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 8
DP  - 2021 Aug 5
TI  - Aberrant Neurogliovascular Unit Dynamics in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A 
      Rheological Clue to Vascular Parkinsonism.
LID - 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081207 [doi]
LID - 1207
AB  - The distinctive anatomical assemble and functionally discrete multicellular 
      cerebrovasculature dynamics confer varying rheological and blood-brain barrier 
      permeabilities to preserve the integrity of cerebral white matter and its neural 
      microenvironment. This homeostasis intricately involves the glymphatic system 
      that manages the flow of interstitial solutes, metabolic waste, and clearance 
      through the venous circulation. As a physiologically integrated neurogliovascular 
      unit (NGVU) serving a particularly vulnerable cerebral white matter (from 
      hypoxia, metabolic insults, infection, and inflammation), a likely insidious 
      process over a lifetime could inflict microenvironment damages that may lead to 
      pathological conditions. Two such conditions, cerebral small vessel disease 
      (CSVD) and vascular parkinsonism (VaP), with poorly understood pathomechanisms, 
      are frequently linked to this brain-wide NGVU. VaP is widely regarded as an 
      atypical parkinsonism, described by cardinal motor manifestations and the 
      presence of cerebrovascular disease, particularly white matter hyperintensities 
      (WMHs) in the basal ganglia and subcortical region. WMHs, in turn, are a 
      recognised imaging spectrum of CSVD manifestations, and in relation to disrupted 
      NGVU, also include enlarged perivascular spaces. Here, in this narrative review, 
      we present and discuss on recent findings that argue for plausible clues between 
      CSVD and VaP by focusing on aberrant multicellular dynamics of a unique 
      integrated NGVU-a crossroad of the immune-vascular-nervous system-which may also 
      extend fresher insights into the elusive interplay between cerebral 
      microvasculature and neurodegeneration, and the potential therapeutic targets.
FAU - Che Mohd Nassir, Che Mohd Nasril
AU  - Che Mohd Nassir CMN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2019-4565
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains 
      Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
FAU - Damodaran, Thenmoly
AU  - Damodaran T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2402-7465
AD  - Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, 
      Malaysia.
FAU - Yusof, Siti R
AU  - Yusof SR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2257-9933
AD  - Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, 
      Malaysia.
FAU - Norazit, Anwar
AU  - Norazit A
AD  - Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 
      Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia.
FAU - Chilla, Geetha
AU  - Chilla G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0494-0529
AD  - A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 
      Singapore 138667, Singapore.
FAU - Huen, Isaac
AU  - Huen I
AD  - A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 
      Singapore 138667, Singapore.
FAU - K N, Bhanu Prakash
AU  - K N BP
AD  - A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 
      Singapore 138667, Singapore.
FAU - Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah
AU  - Mohamed Ibrahim N
AD  - Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 
      Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia.
FAU - Mustapha, Muzaimi
AU  - Mustapha M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8404-0506
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains 
      Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
AD  - Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian 
      16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210805
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pharmaceutics
JT  - Pharmaceutics
JID - 101534003
PMC - PMC8398765
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cerebral small vessel disease
OT  - glymphatic system
OT  - homeostasis
OT  - neurogliovascular unit
OT  - vascular parkinsonism
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/08/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/29 06:01
PMCR- 2021/08/05
CRDT- 2021/08/28 01:05
PHST- 2021/06/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/07/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/28 01:05 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/08/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - pharmaceutics13081207 [pii]
AID - pharmaceutics-13-01207 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081207 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pharmaceutics. 2021 Aug 5;13(8):1207. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081207.