PMID- 34454377
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211027
LR  - 20211027
IS  - 1872-6283 (Electronic)
IS  - 0379-0738 (Linking)
VI  - 327
DP  - 2021 Oct
TI  - Expression of orexin-A (hypocretin-A) in the hypothalamus after traumatic brain 
      injury: A postmortem evaluation.
PG  - 110961
LID - S0379-0738(21)00281-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110961 [doi]
AB  - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and 
      morbidity. The key component of TBI pathophysiology is traumatic axonal injury 
      (TAI), commonly referred to as diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Coma is a serious 
      complication which can occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recently, 
      studies have shown that the central orexinergic/ hypocretinergic system exhibit 
      prominent arousal promoting actions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to 
      investigate by immunohistochemistry the expression of beta-amyloid precursor 
      protein (beta-APP) in white matter of parasagittal region, corpus callosum and 
      brainstem and the expression of orexin-A (ORXA) in the hypothalamus after 
      traumatic brain injury. RESULTS: DAI was found in 26 (53.06%) cases, assessed 
      with beta-APP immunohistochemical staining in parasagittal white matter, corpus 
      callosum and brainstem. Orexin-A immunoreactivity in hypothalamus was completely 
      absent in 5 (10.2%) of the cases; moderate reduction of ORXA was observed in 9 
      (18.4%) of the cases; and severe reduction was observed in 7 (14.3%) of the 
      cases. A statistically significant correlation was found between beta-APP 
      immunostaining in white matter, corpus callosum and brainstem in relation to 
      survival time (p < 0.002, p < 0.003 and p < 0.005 respectively). A statistically 
      positive correlation was noted between ORX-A immunoreactivity in hypothalamus to 
      survival time (p < 0.003). An inverse correlation was noted between the 
      expression of beta-APP in the regions of brain studied to the expression of ORX-A in 
      the hypothalamus of the cases studied (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The present study 
      demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that reduction of orexin-A neurons in the 
      hypothalamus, involved in coma status and arousal, enhanced the immunoexpression 
      of beta-APP in parasagital white matter, corpus callosum and brainstem.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Kousi, Chrysavgi
AU  - Kousi C
AD  - Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Health Sciences, School of 
      Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece.
FAU - Lampri, Evangeli
AU  - Lampri E
AD  - Department of Pathology Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of 
      Ioannina, Greece.
FAU - Voulgaris, Spyridon
AU  - Voulgaris S
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of 
      Ioannina, Greece.
FAU - Vougiouklakis, Theodoros
AU  - Vougiouklakis T
AD  - Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Health Sciences, School of 
      Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece.
FAU - Galani, Vassiliki
AU  - Galani V
AD  - Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Ioannina, Greece. 
      Electronic address: vgalani@uoi.gr.
FAU - Mitselou, Antigony
AU  - Mitselou A
AD  - Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Health Sciences, School of 
      Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210819
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Forensic Sci Int
JT  - Forensic science international
JID - 7902034
RN  - 0 (Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Orexins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*metabolism
MH  - Autopsy
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Brain Injuries, Traumatic/*physiopathology
MH  - Brain Stem/metabolism
MH  - Corpus Callosum/metabolism
MH  - Diffuse Axonal Injury/diagnosis/*physiopathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Greece/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypothalamus/*metabolism
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Orexins/*metabolism
MH  - White Matter/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - diffuse axonal injury
OT  - immunohistochemistry
OT  - orexin-A
OT  - traumatic brain injury
OT  - beta-APP
EDAT- 2021/08/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/28 06:00
CRDT- 2021/08/28 20:25
PHST- 2021/02/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/04/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/28 20:25 [entrez]
AID - S0379-0738(21)00281-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110961 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Forensic Sci Int. 2021 Oct;327:110961. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110961. Epub 
      2021 Aug 19.