PMID- 34459004
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211028
LR  - 20211028
IS  - 1745-4514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0145-8884 (Linking)
VI  - 45
IP  - 10
DP  - 2021 Oct
TI  - Chlorella vulgaris is an effective supplement in counteracting non-alcoholic 
      fatty liver disease-related complications through modulation of dyslipidemia, 
      insulin resistance, and inflammatory pathways.
PG  - e13914
LID - 10.1111/jfbc.13914 [doi]
AB  - This study was aimed to investigate the effect of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris 
      (C. vulgaris) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related complications 
      induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Fifty adult male rats were divided into six 
      groups. Control group and HFD group treated with or without C. vulgaris 5% and 
      10%. Biochemical parameters in serum were measured by spectrophotometric and 
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The relative gene expression 
      levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), NF-kappa B (NF-kB), and p38 
      Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (p38 MAPK) in the liver were assessed by using 
      quantitative real-time PCR, while the protein levels of NF-kB and TNF-alpha in the 
      liver homogenate were determined by ELISA. The effects of HFD significantly were 
      reversed by C. vulgaris, especially at a 10% dose. Therefore, it can be concluded 
      that C. vulgaris therapeutically could be useful to improve NAFLD and its 
      complications. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: It is established that NAFLD is associated 
      with the resistance to insulin, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Accordingly, 
      modulating of these conditions may be useful in the management of NAFLD. Our 
      results showed the effectiveness of C. vulgaris against NAFLD-related 
      complication through the alleviating insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and also 
      down-regulation of inflammatory genes in p38 MAPK/TNF-alpha/NF-kB pathway. The 
      results of our study may be useful for scientist to prepare an effective 
      supplement from C. vulgaris to overcoming NAFLD-related complications.
CI  - (c) 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
FAU - Moradi, Mohamad-Nabi
AU  - Moradi MN
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan 
      University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
FAU - Behrouj, Hamid
AU  - Behrouj H
AD  - Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
FAU - Alipoor, Behnam
AU  - Alipoor B
AD  - Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Yasuj University of 
      Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
FAU - Kheiripour, Nejat
AU  - Kheiripour N
AD  - Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan 
      University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
FAU - Ghasemi, Hadi
AU  - Ghasemi H
AD  - Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 
      Hamadan, Iran.
FAU - Ghasemi, Hassan
AU  - Ghasemi H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7809-2732
AD  - Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210830
PL  - United States
TA  - J Food Biochem
JT  - Journal of food biochemistry
JID - 7706045
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Chlorella vulgaris
MH  - *Dyslipidemias/drug therapy
MH  - *Insulin Resistance
MH  - *Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy
MH  - Rats
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chlorella vulgaris
OT  - NF-kappa B
OT  - TNF-alpha
OT  - high fat diet
OT  - nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
OT  - p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases
EDAT- 2021/08/31 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/29 06:00
CRDT- 2021/08/30 06:18
PHST- 2021/08/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/05/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/30 06:18 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/jfbc.13914 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Food Biochem. 2021 Oct;45(10):e13914. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13914. Epub 2021 Aug 
      30.