PMID- 34461515
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211021
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1873-7072 (Electronic)
IS  - 0308-8146 (Linking)
VI  - 369
DP  - 2022 Feb 1
TI  - Method optimization and validation for the routine analysis of multi-class 
      pesticide residues in Kinnow Mandarin and fruit quality evaluation.
PG  - 130914
LID - S0308-8146(21)01920-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130914 [doi]
AB  - The present study describes the selection of a sensitive multi-residue method 
      that can be used for the routine testing of pesticides in Kinnow Mandarin. The 
      citrate-buffered QuEChERS extraction followed by primary secondary amines and 
      C(18) clean-up was found suitable for the analysis of fifty four pesticides. The 
      limit of quantification for the selected pesticides was lower than maximum 
      residue limits (MRLs) set by European Union, Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), 
      and twelve other countries. The method's accuracy ranged from 74.4 to 112% and 
      expanded uncertainty ranged from 7.5 to 49.6%. The validated method was applied 
      to Kinnow Mandarin samples, collected from 22 export units of district Sargodha, 
      Pakistan. Almost 27% of the samples (n = 22) were exceeding the CAC-MRLs. The 
      index of quality for residues (IqR), for 64% of the samples, was considered 
      adequate. The study indicates the need for regular monitoring to protect public 
      health and ensure safe and consistent trade.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Bibi, Aasma
AU  - Bibi A
AD  - Ecotoxicology Research Program, IPEP, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of 
      Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
FAU - Rafique, Nazia
AU  - Rafique N
AD  - Ecotoxicology Research Program, IPEP, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan.
FAU - Khalid, Sofia
AU  - Khalid S
AD  - Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 
      Pakistan.
FAU - Samad, Abdul
AU  - Samad A
AD  - Ecotoxicology Research Program, IPEP, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan.
FAU - Ahad, Karam
AU  - Ahad K
AD  - Ecotoxicology Research Program, IPEP, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan.
FAU - Mehboob, Farrakh
AU  - Mehboob F
AD  - Ecotoxicology Research Program, IPEP, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210819
PL  - England
TA  - Food Chem
JT  - Food chemistry
JID - 7702639
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Fruit/chemistry
MH  - Pakistan
MH  - *Pesticide Residues/analysis
MH  - *Pesticides
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Citrate-buffered QuEChERS
OT  - GC-MS pesticides analyzer
OT  - Index of quality for residues (IqR)
OT  - Kinnow Mandarin
OT  - LC-MS/MS
EDAT- 2021/08/31 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/25 06:00
CRDT- 2021/08/30 20:25
PHST- 2021/04/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/08/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/30 20:25 [entrez]
AID - S0308-8146(21)01920-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130914 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Chem. 2022 Feb 1;369:130914. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130914. Epub 2021 
      Aug 19.