PMID- 34461819
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220329
LR  - 20220426
IS  - 1743-1328 (Electronic)
IS  - 0161-6412 (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 3
DP  - 2022 Mar
TI  - Enhanced Cerebral Microbleeds by Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure in 
      Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.
PG  - 196-205
LID - 10.1080/01616412.2021.1968705 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are associated with a high risk for 
      stroke . The present study determined whether long-term exposure to PM2.5 results 
      in progressive worsening of CMBs and induction of systemic inflammation and 
      microvascular oxidative stress. METHODS: Sixteen male Spontaneously hypertensive 
      rats (SHR) and eight Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to either filtered air 
      or PM2.5 for 12 months. To detect CMBs, rats were imaged using a 7-T MRI. To 
      determine systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor 
      necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as well as 
      reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH activity and its subunits p22/47/67phox & 
      gp91phox were measured. RESULTS: During the exposure period, the mean daily 
      concentration of PM2.5 was 59.2 +/- 1.0 mug/m(3). PM2.5 exposure significantly 
      increased the incidence of CMBs compared to the PM2.5 (-) group (37.5% vs 12.5% 
      incidence rate, p < 0.001). Animals exposed to PM2.5 also had significantly 
      increased systolic blood pressures (SBPs) at 3 months (173 +/- 5 vs 157 +/- 5 mmHg, p 
      < 0.05), 6 months (218 +/- 6 vs 193 +/- 7 mmHg, p < 0.01), 9 months (222 +/- 6 vs 
      203 +/- 8 mmHg, p < 0.05), and 12 months (231 +/- 4 vs 207 +/- 5 mmHg, p = 0.01). 
      Additionally, there were significant elevations in IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-alpha in the 
      exposed group. Furthermore, PM2.5 significantly increased NOX activity and 
      protein levels of gp91phox and p22/47/67phox. CONCLUSION: In the SHR model, 
      long-term exposure to PM2.5 worsened CMBs, increased SBPs, induced systemic 
      inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, PM2.5 is potentially a controllable 
      risk factor that promotes CMBs in certain patients, such as those with 
      hypertension.
FAU - Cai, Lipeng
AU  - Cai L
AD  - China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe 
      Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 
      MI, USA.
FAU - Yang, Jianjie
AU  - Yang J
AD  - Department of Pathology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 
      China.
FAU - Cosky, Eric
AU  - Cosky E
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 
      MI, USA.
FAU - Xin, Ruiqiang
AU  - Xin R
AD  - Department of Medical Imaging, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 
      Beijing, China.
FAU - Geng, Xiaokun
AU  - Geng X
AD  - China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe 
      Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 
      MI, USA.
FAU - Ding, Yuchuan
AU  - Ding Y
AD  - China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe 
      Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 
      MI, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210831
PL  - England
TA  - Neurol Res
JT  - Neurological research
JID - 7905298
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cerebral Hemorrhage/*etiology/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Hypertension/*complications/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Inflammation/*etiology
MH  - Male
MH  - *Oxidative Stress
MH  - Particulate Matter/*adverse effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Inbred SHR
MH  - Rats, Inbred WKY
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - PM2.5
OT  - cerebral microbleeds
OT  - inflammation
OT  - nadph
OT  - ros
OT  - small vessel disease
EDAT- 2021/09/01 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/30 06:00
CRDT- 2021/08/31 05:34
PHST- 2021/09/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/31 05:34 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/01616412.2021.1968705 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurol Res. 2022 Mar;44(3):196-205. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1968705. Epub 2021 
      Aug 31.