PMID- 34463258 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220216 LR - 20220216 IS - 2212-2672 (Print) IS - 2212-2672 (Linking) VI - 122 IP - 2 DP - 2022 Feb TI - Evaluation of the Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24-Hour Dietary Recall to Assess Dietary Iron Intake in Children and Adolescents from the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental Study. PG - 384-393 LID - S2212-2672(21)00831-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jand.2021.07.005 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for South American children and adolescents was developed, but its validity for assessing dietary iron intake has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of the FFQ and 24-hour dietary recalls (24h-DR) for assessing dietary iron intake in children and adolescents. DESIGN: The South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental study is a multicenter observational study, conducted in five South American cities: Buenos Aires (Argentina), Lima (Peru), Medellin (Colombia), Sao Paulo, and Teresina (Brazil). The FFQ assessed dietary intake over the previous 3 months, and the 24h-DR was completed three times (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) with a minimum 5-day interval between recalls. Blood samples were collected to assess serum iron, ferritin, and hemoglobin levels. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Data of 99 children (aged 3 to 10 years) and 50 adolescents (aged 11 to 17 years) from public and private schools were collected during 2015 to 2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dietary iron intake calculated from the FFQ (using the sum of daily iron intake in all food/food groups) and 24h-DR (mean of 3 days using the multiple source method). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Dietary iron intake in relation to blood biomarkers were assessed using Spearman rank correlations adjusted for sex, age, and total energy intake, and the quadratic weighted kappa coefficients for agreement. RESULTS: Spearman correlations showed very good coefficients (range = 0.78 to 0.85) for the FFQ in both age groups; for the 24h-DR, the coefficients were weak in children and adolescents (range = 0.23 to 0.28). The agreement ranged from 59.9% to 72.9% for the FFQ and from 63.9% to 81.9% for the 24h-DR. CONCLUSION: The South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental study FFQ exhibited good validity to rank total dietary iron intake in children and adolescents, and as well as the 24h-DR, presented good strength of agreements when compared with serum iron and ferritin levels. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Collese, Tatiana Sadalla AU - Collese TS AD - Youth/Child Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: tcollese@usp.br. FAU - De Moraes, Augusto Cesar F AU - De Moraes ACF AD - Youth/Child Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate Program in Public Health, School of Public Health, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin. FAU - Rendo-Urteaga, Tara AU - Rendo-Urteaga T AD - Youth/Child Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; researcherOnkologikoa Foundation, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain. FAU - Gonzalez-Zapata, Laura I AU - Gonzalez-Zapata LI AD - Socio-Economic Determinants of the Health and Nutrition Situation Research group, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. Electronic address: laura.gonzalez@udea.edu.co. FAU - Charry, Diego Alejandro Gaitan AU - Charry DAG AD - Escuela de Nutricion y Dietetica, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. FAU - Delgado, Carlos A AU - Delgado CA AD - Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; pediatrician neonatologist, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Nino, Lima, Peru. FAU - Berg, Gabriela AU - Berg G AD - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Instituto de Fisiopatologia y Bioquimica Clinica, Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, National Scientific and Technical Research Council - Argentina, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Torres-Leal, Francisco Leonardo AU - Torres-Leal FL AD - Department of Biophysical and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil. FAU - Carvalho, Heraclito B AU - Carvalho HB AD - Youth/Child Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. LA - eng PT - Evaluation Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Validation Study DEP - 20210824 PL - United States TA - J Acad Nutr Diet JT - Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics JID - 101573920 RN - 0 (Iron, Dietary) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Child MH - Diet/*statistics & numerical data MH - Diet Surveys/*standards MH - Eating MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Iron, Dietary/*analysis MH - Male MH - Mental Recall MH - *Nutrition Assessment MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - South America MH - Surveys and Questionnaires/*standards OTO - NOTNLM OT - 24-Hour dietary recall OT - Children OT - Food frequency questionnaire OT - Iron OT - Validity EDAT- 2021/09/01 06:00 MHDA- 2022/02/17 06:00 CRDT- 2021/08/31 08:49 PHST- 2020/05/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/06/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2021/07/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/09/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/02/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/08/31 08:49 [entrez] AID - S2212-2672(21)00831-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jand.2021.07.005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Feb;122(2):384-393. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.07.005. Epub 2021 Aug 24.