PMID- 34475346
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220127
LR  - 20240212
IS  - 1473-5598 (Electronic)
IS  - 0263-6352 (Print)
IS  - 0263-6352 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 2
DP  - 2022 Feb 1
TI  - Dietary sodium intake and sodium load is associated with arterial stiffness in 
      children and young adults.
PG  - 292-299
LID - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003007 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association of sodium intake 
      (g/day) and sodium load (Na-L; mg/kcal/day) on arterial stiffness in youth. 
      METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 723 youth enrolled in a study evaluating 
      the cardiovascular effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Three 
      measures of arterial stiffness were evaluated: brachial distensibility (BrachD), 
      carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) and augmentation index (AIx). 
      Three-day diet histories yielded mean daily sodium and calorie intake. Youth were 
      divided into Na-L tertiles: Low (</=1.67 mg/kcal per day); Medium 
      (1.68--1.98 mg/kcal per day) and High (>1.98 mg/kcal per day). General linear 
      models adjusting for demographics, % body fat, T2DM and SBP z-score evaluated the 
      independent association of Na-L with arterial stiffness. RESULTS: Mean age was 
      17.9 years (10-24 years), 35% male, 59% nonwhite and 31% T2DM. Mean (+/-standard 
      deviation) dietary intake was calories = 2074 (+/-797) kcal/day; Na = 3.793 (+/-1567) 
      g/day; Na- = 1.86 (+/-0.753) mg/kcal per day. With higher levels of dietary Na 
      intake and Na-L, measures of arterial stiffness worsened: BrachD decreased (Na 
      intake: beta = -0.09, P = 0.003; Na-L: beta = -0.28, P < 0.0001), PWVcf increased 
      (Na intake: beta = 0.07, P = 0.007; Na-L: beta = 0.21, P < 0.0001) but AIx did 
      not change (Na intake: beta = -0.4, P = 0.2; Na-L: beta = 0.89, P = 0.11). In 
      multivariable analysis, High Na-L was independently associated with BrachD, PWVcf 
      and AIx (P < 0.05 for all), with age modifying the association of High Na-L with 
      PWVcf and AIx. CONCLUSION: Sodium intake and load are associated with arterial 
      stiffness, a preclinical measure of CVD, among a paediatric population. 
      Paediatricians should stress healthy dietary choices to reduce accelerated 
      vascular ageing.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Brady, Tammy M
AU  - Brady TM
AD  - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
FAU - Horst, Gilbert
AU  - Horst G
AD  - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
FAU - Appel, Lawrence J
AU  - Appel LJ
AD  - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
FAU - Khoury, Philip R
AU  - Khoury PR
AD  - Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
FAU - Urbina, Elaine M
AU  - Urbina EM
AD  - Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HL076269/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL105591/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R56 HL139620/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR001425/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Hypertens
JT  - Journal of hypertension
JID - 8306882
RN  - 0 (Sodium, Dietary)
RN  - 9NEZ333N27 (Sodium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Child
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Pulse Wave Analysis
MH  - Sodium
MH  - *Sodium, Dietary
MH  - *Vascular Stiffness
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC8741631
MID - NIHMS1733679
COIS- Disclosures/Conflicts of Interest: None
EDAT- 2021/09/04 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/28 06:00
PMCR- 2023/02/01
CRDT- 2021/09/03 06:02
PHST- 2021/09/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/03 06:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 00004872-202202000-00012 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Hypertens. 2022 Feb 1;40(2):292-299. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003007.