PMID- 34479119
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220309
LR  - 20220309
IS  - 1873-6009 (Electronic)
IS  - 0169-7722 (Linking)
VI  - 243
DP  - 2021 Dec
TI  - Beneficial effects of dynamic groundwater flow and redox conditions on Natural 
      Attenuation of mono-, poly-, and NSO-heterocyclic hydrocarbons.
PG  - 103883
LID - S0169-7722(21)00122-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103883 [doi]
AB  - Natural Attenuation (NA) processes have been demonstrated to reduce pollutant 
      loads at different contaminated groundwater sites world-wide and are increasingly 
      considered in contaminated site management concepts. However, data are mainly 
      available for steady state groundwater flow and stable redox conditions as well 
      as pollutants listed in standard regulatory schemes. In this study, the influence 
      of transient groundwater flow and redox conditions on NA was examined at a former 
      gas works site near the river Rhine in Germany. The investigated 78 pollutants 
      included 40 mono- and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs, PAHs) and 38 
      NSO-heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NSO-HET). In the highly polluted areas, 
      the MAHs benzene, indene and indane, the PAHs naphthalene, acenaphthene, 1- and 
      2-methylnaphthalene and the NSO-HET 2-methylquinoline, carbazole, benzothiophene, 
      dibenzofuran and benzofuran were predominant. Pollutant concentrations decreased 
      with increasing distance from the sources of contamination. At the plume fringes, 
      the MAHs benzene and indane, the PAH acenaphthene, the NSO-HET carbazole, 
      5-methylbenzothiophene, 2- and 3-methylbenzofuran and 2-methyldibenzofuran were 
      predominant, indicating low retention and slow intrinsic biodegradation of these 
      compounds. The influence of surface water on groundwater level, pollutant 
      concentrations, and redox conditions in the monitoring wells was observed with a 
      permanently installed groundwater sensor. The temporary availability of oxygen 
      was observed at the plume fringes, resulting in aerobic and ferric iron reducing 
      biodegradation processes. Field and laboratory data were used to set-up a 
      groundwater flow and reactive transport model used for quantification of the 
      field mass transfer rates. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that NA is 
      effective under transient flow and redox conditions. A conceptual model and 
      reactive transport simulation can facilitate the interpretation of pronounced 
      fluctuations of pollutant concentration in monitoring wells. Based on the 
      analysis of 78 pollutants, indane, indene and several NSO-HET like carbazole, 
      benzothiophene and 2-methyldibenzofuran are recommended for monitoring at tar oil 
      polluted sites, besides EPA-PAHs and BTEX.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Salowsky, Helena
AU  - Salowsky H
AD  - Department Water Microbiology, TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water 
      Centre), Karlsruher Strasse 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
FAU - Schafer, Wolfgang
AU  - Schafer W
AD  - Steinbeis Transfercenter for Groundwater Modelling, Schustergasse 2, 69168 
      Wiesloch, Germany.
FAU - Schneider, Anna-Lena
AU  - Schneider AL
AD  - Department Water Microbiology, TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water 
      Centre), Karlsruher Strasse 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
FAU - Muller, Axel
AU  - Muller A
AD  - Department Water Microbiology, TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water 
      Centre), Karlsruher Strasse 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
FAU - Dreher, Carolin
AU  - Dreher C
AD  - Department Water Microbiology, TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water 
      Centre), Karlsruher Strasse 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
FAU - Tiehm, Andreas
AU  - Tiehm A
AD  - Department Water Microbiology, TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water 
      Centre), Karlsruher Strasse 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany. Electronic address: 
      andreas.tiehm@tzw.de.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210824
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Contam Hydrol
JT  - Journal of contaminant hydrology
JID - 8805644
RN  - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biodegradation, Environmental
MH  - *Groundwater
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biodegradation
OT  - Groundwater modelling
OT  - Heterocyclic compounds
OT  - MAH
OT  - PAH
OT  - Tar oil pollutants
EDAT- 2021/09/04 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/11 06:00
CRDT- 2021/09/03 20:26
PHST- 2020/12/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/03 20:26 [entrez]
AID - S0169-7722(21)00122-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103883 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Contam Hydrol. 2021 Dec;243:103883. doi: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103883. Epub 
      2021 Aug 24.