PMID- 34484211
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211220
LR  - 20211220
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Adherent Head Kidney Leukocytes 
      Reveals That Macrophages Are Selectively Enriched During Culture.
PG  - 709910
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709910 [doi]
LID - 709910
AB  - The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically important fish, both in 
      aquaculture and in the wild. In vertebrates, macrophages are some of the first 
      cell types to respond to pathogen infection and disease. While macrophage biology 
      has been characterized in mammals, less is known in fish. Our previous work 
      identified changes in the morphology, phagocytic ability, and miRNA profile of 
      Atlantic salmon adherent head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) from predominantly 
      "monocyte-like" at Day 1 of in vitro culture to predominantly "macrophage-like" 
      at Day 5 of culture. Therefore, to further characterize these two cell 
      populations, we examined the mRNA transcriptome profile in Day 1 and Day 5 HKLs 
      using a 44K oligonucleotide microarray. Large changes in the transcriptome were 
      revealed, including changes in the expression of macrophage and immune-related 
      transcripts (e.g. csf1r, arg1, tnfa, mx2), lipid-related transcripts (e.g. fasn, 
      dhcr7, fabp6), and transcription factors involved in macrophage differentiation 
      and function (e.g. klf2, klf9, irf7, irf8, stat1). The in silico target 
      prediction analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using miRNAs known 
      to change expression in Day 5 HKLs, followed by gene pathway enrichment analysis, 
      supported that these miRNAs may be involved in macrophage maturation by targeting 
      specific DEGs. Elucidating how immune cells, such as macrophages, develop and 
      function is a key step in understanding the Atlantic salmon immune system. 
      Overall, the results indicate that, without the addition of exogenous factors, 
      the adherent HKL cell population differentiates in vitro to become 
      macrophage-like.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Smith, Umasuthan, Kumar, Woldemariam, Andreassen, Christian and 
      Rise.
FAU - Smith, Nicole C
AU  - Smith NC
AD  - Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, 
      NL, Canada.
FAU - Umasuthan, Navaneethaiyer
AU  - Umasuthan N
AD  - Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, 
      NL, Canada.
FAU - Kumar, Surendra
AU  - Kumar S
AD  - Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, 
      NL, Canada.
FAU - Woldemariam, Nardos T
AU  - Woldemariam NT
AD  - Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, 
      Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Andreassen, Rune
AU  - Andreassen R
AD  - Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, 
      Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Christian, Sherri L
AU  - Christian SL
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, 
      Canada.
FAU - Rise, Matthew L
AU  - Rise ML
AD  - Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, 
      NL, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210816
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - *Gene Expression Profiling
MH  - Leukocytes/*immunology
MH  - Lipid Metabolism
MH  - Macrophages/*physiology
MH  - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
MH  - Salmo salar/*immunology
MH  - Transcription Factors/physiology
PMC - PMC8415484
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Atlantic salmon
OT  - cell differentiation
OT  - head kidney leukocyte culture
OT  - macrophage
OT  - microarray
OT  - transcriptome
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/09/07 06:00
MHDA- 2021/12/21 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2021/09/06 05:55
PHST- 2021/05/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/07/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/06 05:55 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709910 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 16;12:709910. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709910. eCollection 
      2021.