PMID- 34492061
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211116
LR  - 20240403
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 9
DP  - 2021
TI  - Evaluation of the long-term effect of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate in a 
      rat lung model using conventional chest computed tomography with histopathologic 
      analysis.
PG  - e0256756
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0256756 [doi]
LID - e0256756
AB  - There have been no studies on the effects of polyhexamethylene guanidine 
      phosphate (PHMG) after a long period of exposure in the rodent model. We aimed to 
      evaluate long-term lung damage after PHMG exposure using conventional chest 
      computed tomography (CT) and histopathologic analysis in a rat model. A PHMG 
      solution was intratracheally administrated to 24 male rats. At 8, 26, and 52 
      weeks after PHMG instillation, conventional chest CT was performed in all rats 
      and both lungs were extracted for histopathologic evaluation. At 52 weeks after 
      PHMG instillation, four carcinomas had developed in three of the eight rats 
      (37.5%). Bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia and adenoma were found in rats at 8, 26, 
      and 52 weeks post-instillation. The number of bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia 
      significantly increased over time (P-value for trend< 0.001). The severity of 
      lung fibrosis and fibrosis scores significantly increased over time (P-values for 
      trend = 0.002 and 0.023, respectively). Conventional chest CT analysis showed 
      that bronchiectasis and linear density scores suggestive of fibrosis 
      significantly increased over time (P-value for trend < 0.001). Our study revealed 
      that one instillation of PHMG in a rat model resulted in lung carcinomas and 
      progressive and irreversible fibrosis one year later based on conventional chest 
      CT and histopathologic analysis. PHMG may be a lung carcinogen in the rat model.
FAU - Kim, Cherry
AU  - Kim C
AD  - Department of Radiology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 
      Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
FAU - Jeong, Sang Hoon
AU  - Jeong SH
AD  - Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of 
      Medicine, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
FAU - Kim, Jaeyoung
AU  - Kim J
AD  - Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of 
      Medicine, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
FAU - Kang, Ja Young
AU  - Kang JY
AD  - Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of 
      Medicine, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
FAU - Nam, Yoon Jeong
AU  - Nam YJ
AD  - Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of 
      Medicine, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
FAU - Togloom, Ariunaa
AU  - Togloom A
AD  - Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of 
      Medicine, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
FAU - Cha, Jaehyung
AU  - Cha J
AD  - Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of 
      Medicine, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
FAU - Lee, Ki Yeol
AU  - Lee KY
AD  - Department of Radiology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 
      Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
FAU - Lee, Chang Hyun
AU  - Lee CH
AD  - Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 
      National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Park, Eun-Kee
AU  - Park EK
AD  - Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin 
      University, Busan, South Korea.
FAU - Lee, Ju-Han
AU  - Lee JH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5929-5734
AD  - Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 
      Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210907
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Guanidines)
RN  - 31961-54-3 (polyhexamethyleneguanidine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Guanidines/*pharmacology/toxicity
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lung/diagnostic imaging/*drug effects/pathology
MH  - Lung Diseases/chemically induced/diagnosis/*diagnostic imaging/pathology
MH  - Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced/*diagnosis/diagnostic imaging
MH  - Rats
MH  - Thorax/diagnostic imaging/drug effects/pathology
MH  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PMC - PMC8423271
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2021/09/08 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/17 06:00
PMCR- 2021/09/07
CRDT- 2021/09/07 17:25
PHST- 2020/12/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/07 17:25 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-20-38818 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0256756 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2021 Sep 7;16(9):e0256756. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256756. 
      eCollection 2021.