PMID- 34492411
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211126
LR  - 20211126
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 287
IP  - Pt 2
DP  - 2022 Jan
TI  - Thermal treatment of decabrominated diphenyl ether in its highly contaminated 
      soil in Taiwan.
PG  - 131924
LID - S0045-6535(21)02396-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131924 [doi]
AB  - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were commonly used flame retardants in the 
      world, while some of PBDEs have been listed as persistent organic pollutants 
      (POPs). Decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) was the most commercially used 
      PBDEs. A farm near the factory located in Northern Taiwan was highly contaminated 
      with BDE-209. Since PBDEs in the contaminated soils can be uptake by crops shown 
      in our previous studies and could be potentially consumed by humans, it is very 
      important to establish a feasible treatment method for PBDE remediation in this 
      contaminated farm. Thermal treatment of PBDEs in soil was studied. The initial 
      concentration of BDE-209 in contaminated soil was 1.472 mg/kg. A series of 
      thermal experiments under different operating conditions including various 
      temperature (105, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450  degrees C), holding time (10, 20 
      and 30 min), heating rate (5, 10, 20 and 40  degrees C/min), and soil amount (10, 100, 
      1000 and 2000 g) were investigated. The optimal heating conditions for thermal 
      treatment of contaminated soil were heating at 450  degrees C for 30 min with a heating 
      rate of 10  degrees C/min. Under this condition, the removal of BDE-209 in the different 
      weights of contaminated soil was tested. The soils in the contaminated farm were 
      tested to further evaluate the feasibility of remediating the on-site PBDE 
      contaminated soil through thermal treatment, suggesting that the holding time was 
      extended to 2 h for the field-scale contaminated soil. The results showed that 
      BDE-209 had been removed to below the detection limit in on-site soil. This 
      investigation is the first study using thermal treatment to remediate soils 
      really contaminated with PBDEs.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
FAU - Ko, Chi-Fong
AU  - Ko CF
AD  - Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, 
      Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
FAU - Yang, Yi-Chen
AU  - Yang YC
AD  - Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, 
      Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
FAU - Wen Liu, Jennifer Ia Wen
AU  - Wen Liu JIW
AD  - Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, 
      Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
FAU - Shih, Yang-Hsin
AU  - Shih YH
AD  - Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, 
      Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. Electronic address: yhs@ntu.edu.tw.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210819
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - *Flame Retardants/analysis
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Soil
MH  - *Soil Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Taiwan
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Contaminated soil
OT  - Decabrominated diphenyl ether
OT  - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
OT  - Soil remediation
OT  - Thermal treatment
EDAT- 2021/09/08 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/27 06:00
CRDT- 2021/09/07 20:15
PHST- 2021/05/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/07/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/07 20:15 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(21)02396-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131924 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2022 Jan;287(Pt 2):131924. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131924. 
      Epub 2021 Aug 19.