PMID- 34499669
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211117
LR  - 20211117
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 9
DP  - 2021
TI  - Identifying the potential of anadromous salmonid habitat restoration with life 
      cycle models.
PG  - e0256792
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0256792 [doi]
LID - e0256792
AB  - An investigation into the causes of species decline should include examination of 
      habitats important for multiple life stages. Integrating habitat impacts across 
      life stages with life-cycle models (LCMs) can reveal habitat impairments 
      inhibiting recovery and help guide restoration efforts. As part of the final 
      elements of the Habitat Restoration Planning model (HARP; Beechie et al. this 
      volume), we developed LCMs for four populations of three species of anadromous 
      salmonids (Oncorhynchus kisutch, O. tshawytscha, and O. mykiss), and ran 
      diagnostic scenarios to examine effects of barrier removal, fine sediment 
      reduction, wood augmentation, riparian shade, restoration of the main channel and 
      bank conditions, beaver pond restoration, and floodplain reconnection. In the 
      wood scenario, spawner abundance for all populations increased moderately 
      (29-48%). In the shade scenario, spring-run Chinook salmon abundance increased 
      the most (48%) and fall-run Chinook salmon and steelhead were much less 
      responsive. Coho responded strongly to the beaver pond and floodplain scenarios 
      (76% and 54%, respectively). The fine sediment scenario most benefitted fall- and 
      spring-run Chinook salmon (32-63%), whereas steelhead and coho were less 
      responsive (11-21% increase). More observations are needed to understand high 
      fine sediment and its impacts. Our LCMs were region-specific, identifying places 
      where habitat actions had the highest potential effects. For example, the 
      increase in spring-run Chinook salmon in the wood scenario was driven by the 
      Cascade Mountains Ecological Region. And, although the overall response of coho 
      salmon was small in the barrier removal scenario (6% increase at the scale of the 
      entire basin), barrier removals had important sub-regional impacts. The HARP 
      analysis revealed basin-wide and regional population-specific potential benefits 
      by action types, and this habitat-based approach could be used to develop 
      restoration strategies and guide population rebuilding. An important next step 
      will be to ground-truth our findings with robust empirically-based estimates of 
      life stage-specific survivals and abundances.
FAU - Jorgensen, Jeffrey C
AU  - Jorgensen JC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5112-4757
AD  - Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine 
      Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, 
      Washington, United States of America.
FAU - Nicol, Colin
AU  - Nicol C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1080-323X
AD  - Ocean Associates, Inc., Under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 
      National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
      Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
FAU - Fogel, Caleb
AU  - Fogel C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3657-6031
AD  - Ocean Associates, Inc., Under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 
      National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
      Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
FAU - Beechie, Timothy J
AU  - Beechie TJ
AD  - Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine 
      Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, 
      Washington, United States of America.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210909
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Life Cycle Stages/*physiology
MH  - Oncorhynchus kisutch/*physiology
MH  - Oncorhynchus mykiss/*physiology
MH  - Rivers
MH  - Salmon/*physiology
MH  - Seasons
PMC - PMC8428657
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Two authors (CN, CF) 
      were affiliated with a commercial company, Ocean Associates, Inc. This does not 
      alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The 
      specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' 
      section.
EDAT- 2021/09/10 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/18 06:00
PMCR- 2021/09/09
CRDT- 2021/09/09 17:19
PHST- 2020/12/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/09 17:19 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-20-37821 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0256792 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2021 Sep 9;16(9):e0256792. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256792. 
      eCollection 2021.