PMID- 34500004
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211124
LR  - 20221217
IS  - 1872-8227 (Electronic)
IS  - 0168-8227 (Print)
IS  - 0168-8227 (Linking)
VI  - 180
DP  - 2021 Oct
TI  - Fasting plasma glucose and glucose fluctuation are associated with COVID-19 
      prognosis regardless of pre-existing diabetes.
PG  - 109041
LID - S0168-8227(21)00400-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109041 [doi]
AB  - AIMS: We aimed to investigate the role of Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) and 
      glucose fluctuation in the prognosis of COVID-19 patients stratified by 
      pre-existing diabetes. METHODS: The associations of FPG and glucose fluctuation 
      indexes with prognosis of COVID-19 in 2,642 patients were investigated by 
      multivariate Cox regression analysis. The primary outcome was in-hospital 
      mortality; the secondary outcome was disease progression. The longitudinal 
      changes of FPG over time were analyzed by the latent growth curve model in 
      COVID-19 patients stratified by diabetes and severity of COVID-19. RESULTS: We 
      found FPG as an independent prognostic factor of overall survival after 
      adjustment for age, sex, diabetes and severity of COVID-19 at admission (HR: 
      1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.25, P = 1.02 x 10(-3)). Multivariate logistic regression 
      analysis indicated that the standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) and 
      largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE) were also independent risk 
      factors of COVID-19 progression (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). The growth 
      trajectory of FPG over the first 3 days of hospitalization was steeper in 
      patients with critical COVID-19 in comparison to moderate patients. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Hyperglycemia and glucose fluctuation were adverse prognostic factors of COVID-19 
      regardless of pre-existing diabetes. This stresses the importance of glycemic 
      control in addition to other therapeutic management.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Xie, Weijia
AU  - Xie W
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical 
      University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 401120, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Wu, Na
AU  - Wu N
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical 
      University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 401120, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Wang, Bin
AU  - Wang B
AD  - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated 
      Hospital of The Army Medical University, Chongqing 401120, People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Xu, Yu
AU  - Xu Y
AD  - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated 
      Hospital of The Army Medical University, Chongqing 401120, People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Zhang, Yao
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical 
      University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 401120, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Xiang, Ying
AU  - Xiang Y
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical 
      University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 401120, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Zhang, Wenjing
AU  - Zhang W
AD  - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated 
      Hospital of The Army Medical University, Chongqing 401120, People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Chen, Zheng
AU  - Chen Z
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical 
      University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 401120, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Yuan, Zhiquan
AU  - Yuan Z
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical 
      University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 401120, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Li, Chengying
AU  - Li C
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical 
      University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 401120, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Jia, Xiaoyue
AU  - Jia X
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical 
      University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 401120, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Shan, Yifan
AU  - Shan Y
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical 
      University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 401120, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Xu, Bin
AU  - Xu B
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical 
      University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 401120, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Bai, Li
AU  - Bai L
AD  - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated 
      Hospital of The Army Medical University, Chongqing 401120, People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Zhong, Li
AU  - Zhong L
AD  - Cardiovascular Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical 
      University, Chongqing 401120, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Li, Yafei
AU  - Li Y
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical 
      University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 401120, People's 
      Republic of China. Electronic address: liyafei2008@tmmu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210906
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract
JT  - Diabetes research and clinical practice
JID - 8508335
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Blood Glucose
MH  - *COVID-19
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology
MH  - Fasting
MH  - Glucose
MH  - Humans
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
PMC - PMC8420085
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Blood glucose fluctuation
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - Coronavirus
OT  - Diabetes
OT  - Fasting plasma glucose
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2021/09/10 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/25 06:00
PMCR- 2021/09/06
CRDT- 2021/09/09 20:13
PHST- 2021/06/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/09/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/09 20:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0168-8227(21)00400-9 [pii]
AID - 109041 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109041 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Oct;180:109041. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109041. 
      Epub 2021 Sep 6.