PMID- 34500017
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220119
LR  - 20220119
IS  - 1873-7544 (Electronic)
IS  - 0306-4522 (Linking)
VI  - 476
DP  - 2021 Nov 10
TI  - The Effects of Paired Associative Stimulation with Transcutaneous Spinal Cord 
      Stimulation on Corticospinal Excitability in Multiple Lower-limb Muscles.
PG  - 45-59
LID - S0306-4522(21)00443-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.028 [doi]
AB  - Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a non-invasive method to modulate the 
      excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1). PAS involves the combination of 
      peripheral nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the 
      primary motor cortex. However, for lower-limb muscles, PAS has only been applied 
      to the few muscles innervated by peripheral nerves that can easily be stimulated. 
      This study used transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) to the posterior 
      root, stimulating the sensory nerves of multiple lower-limb muscles, and aimed to 
      investigate the effect of PAS consisting of tSCS and TMS on corticospinal 
      excitability. Twelve non-disabled men received 120 paired stimuli on two separate 
      days in (1) an individual-ISI condition, using inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) of 
      paired stimuli individually calculated to send two signals to M1 with 
      individually-adjusted ISI, and (2) a constant-ISI condition, using a constant ISI 
      of 100 ms. Before and after PAS, corticospinal excitability was assessed in the 
      lower-limb muscles. Facilitation of corticospinal excitability in the lower-leg 
      and hamstring muscles was observed up to 30 min after PAS only in the 
      individual-ISI condition (p < 0.05), although there was no significant difference 
      between the individual-ISI and constant-ISI conditions. Additionally, our results 
      revealed a difference in PAS-induced facilitation among lower-limb muscles, 
      suggesting a spatial gradient of PAS-induced facilitation of corticospinal 
      excitability, such that knee flexor muscles have a higher potential for plastic 
      change than knee extensor muscles. These findings will foster a better 
      understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying PAS-induced neuroplasticity, 
      leading to better neurorehabilitation and motor learning strategies.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Kaneko, Naotsugu
AU  - Kaneko N
AD  - Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University 
      of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan; 
      Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 
      KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, 
      Canada.
FAU - Sasaki, Atsushi
AU  - Sasaki A
AD  - Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University 
      of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Masugi, Yohei
AU  - Masugi Y
AD  - Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University 
      of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; School of Health Sciences, Tokyo International 
      University, Saitama, Japan.
FAU - Nakazawa, Kimitaka
AU  - Nakazawa K
AD  - Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University 
      of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: nakazawa@idaten.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210907
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroscience
JT  - Neuroscience
JID - 7605074
SB  - IM
MH  - Electric Stimulation
MH  - Electromyography
MH  - Evoked Potentials, Motor
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Motor Cortex
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal
MH  - Neuronal Plasticity
MH  - *Spinal Cord Stimulation
MH  - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - corticospinal excitability
OT  - long-term potentiation
OT  - multiple lower-limb muscles
OT  - paired associative stimulation
OT  - transcranial magnetic stimulation
OT  - transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation
EDAT- 2021/09/10 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/20 06:00
CRDT- 2021/09/09 20:13
PHST- 2021/04/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/09 20:13 [entrez]
AID - S0306-4522(21)00443-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.028 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroscience. 2021 Nov 10;476:45-59. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.028. 
      Epub 2021 Sep 7.