PMID- 34502182
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211029
LR  - 20211029
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 17
DP  - 2021 Aug 27
TI  - Identification of Activated Protein Kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) in the Urine of Orthotopic 
      Bladder Cancer Xenograft Model as a Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis of 
      Bladder Cancer.
LID - 10.3390/ijms22179276 [doi]
LID - 9276
AB  - Bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate; therefore, frequent and effective 
      monitoring is essential for disease management. Cystoscopy is considered the gold 
      standard for the diagnosis and continuous monitoring of bladder cancer. However, 
      cystoscopy is invasive and relatively expensive. Thus, there is a need for 
      non-invasive, relatively inexpensive urinary biomarker-based diagnoses of bladder 
      cancer. This study aimed to investigate the presence of activated protein kinase 
      Calpha (PKCalpha) in urine samples and the possibility of PKCalpha as a urinary biomarker for 
      bladder cancer diagnosis. Activated PKCalpha was found to be present at higher levels 
      in bladder cancer tissues than in normal bladder tissues. Furthermore, high 
      levels of activated PKCalpha were observed in urine samples collected from orthotopic 
      xenograft mice carrying human bladder cancer cells compared to urine samples from 
      normal mice. These results suggest that activated PKCalpha can be used as a urinary 
      biomarker to diagnose bladder cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 
      first report describing the presence of activated PKCalpha in the urine of orthotopic 
      xenograft mice.
FAU - Kawano, Takahito
AU  - Kawano T
AD  - Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, 
      Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
FAU - Tachibana, Yoko
AU  - Tachibana Y
AD  - Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, 
      Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
FAU - Inokuchi, Junichi
AU  - Inokuchi J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6791-905X
AD  - Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 
      3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
FAU - Kang, Jeong-Hun
AU  - Kang JH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9229-3063
AD  - Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and 
      Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 
      564-8565, Japan.
FAU - Murata, Masaharu
AU  - Murata M
AD  - Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, 
      Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
FAU - Eto, Masatoshi
AU  - Eto M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3312-9930
AD  - Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, 
      Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
AD  - Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 
      3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
LA  - eng
GR  - 19K09692/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/
GR  - 19H04488/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/
GR  - 21K12685/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/
GR  - JP20hm0102067/Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210827
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers, Tumor)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.13 (Protein Kinase C-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers, Tumor/urine
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Early Detection of Cancer
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Nude
MH  - Protein Kinase C-alpha/isolation & purification/*urine
MH  - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/*metabolism/urine
MH  - Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PMC - PMC8430461
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - bladder cancer
OT  - cystoscopy
OT  - orthotopic xenograft mice
OT  - protein kinase Calpha
OT  - urinary biomarker
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/09/11 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/30 06:00
PMCR- 2021/08/27
CRDT- 2021/09/10 01:07
PHST- 2021/07/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/10 01:07 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms22179276 [pii]
AID - ijms-22-09276 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms22179276 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Aug 27;22(17):9276. doi: 10.3390/ijms22179276.