PMID- 34506649
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220316
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1099-1077 (Electronic)
IS  - 0885-6222 (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jan
TI  - Serotonin transporter availability, neurocognitive function and their correlation 
      in abstinent 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users.
PG  - e2811
LID - 10.1002/hup.2811 [doi]
AB  - RATIONALE: MDMA or Ecstasy has made a resurgence in popularity and the majority 
      of users consist of teenagers and adolescents. Therefore, it is important to 
      determine whether MDMA causes long-term damage and what this damage entails. 
      There is an ongoing debate about possible neurocognitive changes in 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) users related to MDMA's neurotoxic 
      potential. Multiple neuroimaging studies have shown that Ecstasy use leads to 
      lower serotonin transporter (SERT) availability in multiple brain regions. This 
      may express itself in a loss of cognitive functions like memory, attention and 
      executive function. However, there is increasing evidence reporting that MDMA's 
      induced serotonergic adaptations are reversible over time. The question we thus 
      address is whether the recovery of SERT function predicts a recovery of cognitive 
      function. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to investigate MDMA's long-term effects on 
      SERT availability and cognitive functioning. METHODS: A literature search was 
      performed in PubMed. Studies that investigated the effects of MDMA on both SERT 
      availability and cognitive performance were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS: SERT 
      availability positively correlated with time of abstinence, whereas memory 
      performance did not show this correlation, but remained impaired in MDMA users. 
      No significant correlation between SERT availability and memory function was 
      found (r = 0.232, p = 0.581; r = 0.176, p = 0.677). CONCLUSIONS: The main 
      findings of this review are that MDMA-use leads to an acute decrease in SERT 
      availability and causes an impairment in cognitive functions, mostly memory. 
      However, SERT availability recovers with sustained abstinence while memory 
      function does not. This suggests that SERT availability is not a biomarker for 
      MDMA-induced cognitive impairment and likely also not for MDMA-induced 
      neurotoxicity.
CI  - (c) 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - van de Blaak, Foke L
AU  - van de Blaak FL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3045-093X
AD  - Department of Clinical pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC - Location AMC, University of 
      Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
FAU - Dumont, Glenn J H
AU  - Dumont GJH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9973-6901
AD  - Department of Clinical pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC - Location AMC, University of 
      Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210910
PL  - England
TA  - Hum Psychopharmacol
JT  - Human psychopharmacology
JID - 8702539
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 0 (Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Affect
MH  - Brain
MH  - Cognition
MH  - *Hallucinogens/pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/adverse effects
MH  - Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - MDMA
OT  - SERT
OT  - abstinence
OT  - cognition
OT  - neurotoxicity
EDAT- 2021/09/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/03/17 06:00
CRDT- 2021/09/10 17:26
PHST- 2021/07/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/07/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/03/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/10 17:26 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/hup.2811 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Psychopharmacol. 2022 Jan;37(1):e2811. doi: 10.1002/hup.2811. Epub 2021 Sep 
      10.