PMID- 34512248
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210914
IS  - 1662-4548 (Print)
IS  - 1662-453X (Electronic)
IS  - 1662-453X (Linking)
VI  - 15
DP  - 2021
TI  - SNAP-25 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Brain Morphology and Intelligence in 
      Children With Borderline Intellectual Functioning: A Mediation Analysis.
PG  - 715048
LID - 10.3389/fnins.2021.715048 [doi]
LID - 715048
AB  - Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is a multifactorial condition in which 
      both genetic and environmental factors are likely to contribute to the clinical 
      outcome. Abnormal cortical development and lower IQ scores were shown to be 
      correlated in BIF children, but the genetic components of this condition and 
      their possible connection with intelligence and brain morphology have never been 
      investigated in BIF. The synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kD (SNAP-25) is 
      involved in synaptic plasticity, neural maturation, and neurotransmission, 
      affecting intellectual functioning. We investigated SNAP-25 polymorphisms in BIF 
      and correlated such polymorphisms with intelligence and cortical thickness, using 
      socioeconomic status and environmental stress as covariates as a good proxy of 
      the variables that determine intellectual abilities. Thirty-three children with a 
      diagnosis of BIF were enrolled in the study. SNAP-25 polymorphisms rs363050, 
      rs363039, rs363043, rs3746544, and rs1051312 were analyzed by genotyping; 
      cortical thickness was studied by MRI; intelligence was measured using the 
      WISC-III/IV subscales; environmental stressors playing a role in neuropsychiatric 
      development were considered as covariate factors. Results showed that BIF 
      children carrying the rs363043(T) minor allele represented by (CT + TT) genotypes 
      were characterized by lower performance Perceptual Reasoning Index and lower 
      full-scale IQ scores (p = 0.04) compared to those carrying the (CC) genotype. 
      This association was correlated with a reduced thickness of the left inferior 
      parietal cortex (direct effect = 0.44) and of the left supramarginal gyrus 
      (direct effect = 0.56). These results suggest a link between SNAP-25 polymorphism 
      and intelligence with the mediation role of brain morphological features in 
      children with BIF.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Blasi, Bolognesi, Ricci, Baglio, Zanzottera, Canevini, Walder, 
      Cabinio, Zanette, Baglio, Clerici and Guerini.
FAU - Blasi, Valeria
AU  - Blasi V
AD  - IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Bolognesi, Elisabetta
AU  - Bolognesi E
AD  - IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Ricci, Cristian
AU  - Ricci C
AD  - Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig 
      University, Leipzig, Germany.
FAU - Baglio, Gisella
AU  - Baglio G
AD  - IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Zanzottera, Milena
AU  - Zanzottera M
AD  - IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Canevini, Maria Paola
AU  - Canevini MP
AD  - Epilepsy Center, ASST S. Paolo and S. Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
AD  - Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Walder, Mauro
AU  - Walder M
AD  - Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - ASST S. Paolo and S. Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Cabinio, Monia
AU  - Cabinio M
AD  - IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Zanette, Michela
AU  - Zanette M
AD  - IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Baglio, Francesca
AU  - Baglio F
AD  - IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Clerici, Mario
AU  - Clerici M
AD  - IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
AD  - Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, 
      Italy.
FAU - Guerini, Franca Rosa
AU  - Guerini FR
AD  - IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210826
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Neurosci
JT  - Frontiers in neuroscience
JID - 101478481
PMC - PMC8427043
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - brain imaging
OT  - child psychiatry
OT  - genetics
OT  - learning disabilities
OT  - neural plasticity
OT  - rehabilitation
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/09/14 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/14 06:01
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2021/09/13 06:41
PHST- 2021/05/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/13 06:41 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/14 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fnins.2021.715048 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 26;15:715048. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.715048. 
      eCollection 2021.