PMID- 34527220
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211025
LR  - 20211025
IS  - 2046-1402 (Electronic)
IS  - 2046-1402 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2021
TI  - Early detection of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus in 
      Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.
PG  - 808
LID - 10.12688/f1000research.54649.1 [doi]
LID - 808
AB  - Background: Macrovascular complications occur very frequently in patients with 
      type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a high mortality rate, due to the 
      development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as stroke, atherosclerosis 
      acceleration, and atrial fibrillation. T2DM is a significant risk factor for CVD 
      and has become the leading cause of death. The purpose of this study was to 
      detect the early risk of macrovascular complications by using the ankle brachial 
      index (ABI) as a marker. Methods: This study was an analytic study with a 
      cross-sectional approach. The study population was patients with T2DM from 
      several primary health care centers in Medan. In total, 89 subjects who met the 
      inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited with consecutive sampling. ABI 
      was determined as the ratio of systolic blood pressure in the brachial artery to 
      the posterior tibial artery after the subjects had been relaxed and felt 
      comfortable in a supine position. Examination of vitamin D and lipid profile was 
      derived from examination of venous blood.  Data were processed using SPSS and 
      analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Results: The study found that there was a 
      relationship between LDL-C, triglyceride, and vitamin D (25OH-D) based on the ABI 
      (p > 0.05). Conclusions: ABI can be used for an early detection of macrovascular 
      complications. Apart from being easy to perform, ABI was non-invasive. Some other 
      risk factors that can also be used to assess complications and have relationships 
      with ABI were LDL-C, triglyceride, and vitamin D (25OH-D). Complications in T2DM 
      patients can be prevented with reasonable blood sugar control and lifestyle 
      changes. Education and motivation need to be given to patients so that they 
      become more independent in controlling their disease and improving their quality 
      of life.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2021 Amelia R et al.
FAU - Amelia, Rina
AU  - Amelia R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0419-9622
AD  - 1Department of Community Medicine/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas 
      Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, 20155, Indonesia.
FAU - Harahap, Juliandi
AU  - Harahap J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1090-2003
AD  - 1Department of Community Medicine/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas 
      Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, 20155, Indonesia.
FAU - Yunanda, Yuki
AU  - Yunanda Y
AD  - 1Department of Community Medicine/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas 
      Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, 20155, Indonesia.
FAU - Wijaya, Hendri
AU  - Wijaya H
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 
      North Sumatera, 20155, Indonesia.
FAU - Fujiati, Isti Ilmiati
AU  - Fujiati II
AD  - 1Department of Community Medicine/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas 
      Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, 20155, Indonesia.
FAU - Yamamoto, Zulham
AU  - Yamamoto Z
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8773-807X
AD  - Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 
      North Sumatera, 20155, Indonesia.
LA  - eng
SI  - figshare/10.6084/m9.figshare.14915724.v1
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210816
PL  - England
TA  - F1000Res
JT  - F1000Research
JID - 101594320
SB  - IM
MH  - *Atrial Fibrillation
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
MH  - Humans
MH  - Indonesia/epidemiology
MH  - Quality of Life
PMC - PMC8411276
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HDL-C
OT  - LDL-C
OT  - ankle brachial index
OT  - hydroxy vitamin D
OT  - macrovascular complications
OT  - triglyceride
COIS- No competing interests were disclosed.
EDAT- 2021/09/17 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/26 06:00
PMCR- 2021/08/16
CRDT- 2021/09/16 07:08
PHST- 2021/08/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/16 07:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.12688/f1000research.54649.1 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - F1000Res. 2021 Aug 16;10:808. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.54649.1. eCollection 
      2021.