PMID- 34530290
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211018
LR  - 20211018
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 157
DP  - 2021 Dec
TI  - Thyroid hormones in relation to toxic metal exposure in pregnancy, and potential 
      interactions with iodine and selenium.
PG  - 106869
LID - S0160-4120(21)00494-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106869 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Several endocrine-disrupting metals may affect thyroid function, but 
      the few available studies of exposure during pregnancy and thyroid hormones are 
      inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To explore if environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd), 
      lead (Pb), and methylmercury (MeHg) impacts thyroid function in pregnancy, and 
      interacts with iodine and selenium status. METHODS: Women in a Swedish birth 
      cohort provided blood and urine samples in early third trimester. Concentrations 
      of erythrocyte Cd, Pb, and Hg (n = 544), urinary Cd and iodine (n = 542) and 
      plasma selenium (n = 548) were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass 
      spectrometry.Free and total thyroxine (fT4, tT4) and triiodothyronine (fT3, tT3), 
      and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), were measured in plasma (n = 548) with 
      electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Metal-hormone associations were assessed 
      in regression models, and metal mixture effects and metal-nutrient interactions 
      were explored in Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). RESULTS: In 
      multivariable-adjusted regression models, a doubling of urinary Cd was associated 
      with a mean increase in tT4 of 2.7 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.78, 4.6), and in fT3 and tT3 
      of 0.06 pmol/L (0.02, 0.10) and 0.09 nmol/L (0.05, 0.13), respectively. A 
      doubling of urinary Cd was associated with a -0.002 (-0.003, -0.001) and -0.03 
      (-0.05, -0.02) decrease in the fT4:tT4 and fT3:tT3 ratio, respectively. A 
      doubling of erythrocyte Hg (>1 microg/kg) was associated with a decrease in fT3 and 
      tT3 by -0.11 pmol/L (-0.16, -0.05) and -0.11 nmol/L (-0.16, -0.06), respectively, 
      and a -0.013 (-0.02, -0.01) decrease in the fT3:fT4 ratio. BKMR did not indicate 
      any mixture effect of toxic metals or interactions between metals and iodine or 
      selenium in relation to the hormones. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that 
      exposure to Cd and Hg, at levels globally prevalent through the diet, may affect 
      thyroid function during pregnancy, independently of iodine and selenium levels. 
      Further studies on potential implications for maternal and child health are 
      warranted.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Gustin, Klara
AU  - Gustin K
AD  - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Barman, Malin
AU  - Barman M
AD  - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 
      Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, 
      Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Skroder, Helena
AU  - Skroder H
AD  - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Jacobsson, Bo
AU  - Jacobsson B
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, 
      Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of 
      Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; 
      Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and 
      Digitalisation, Institute of Public Health Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Sandin, Anna
AU  - Sandin A
AD  - Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Pediatrics, Sunderby Research Unit, Umea 
      University, Umea, Sweden.
FAU - Sandberg, Ann-Sofie
AU  - Sandberg AS
AD  - Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, 
      Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Wold, Agnes E
AU  - Wold AE
AD  - Institute of Biomedicine, Dept, of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, 
      University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Vahter, Marie
AU  - Vahter M
AD  - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Kippler, Maria
AU  - Kippler M
AD  - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 
      Electronic address: maria.kippler@ki.se.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210913
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
RN  - 0 (Thyroid Hormones)
RN  - 06LU7C9H1V (Triiodothyronine)
RN  - 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin)
RN  - 9679TC07X4 (Iodine)
RN  - H6241UJ22B (Selenium)
RN  - Q51BO43MG4 (Thyroxine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - Child
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Iodine
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Selenium
MH  - Thyroid Hormones
MH  - Thyrotropin
MH  - Thyroxine
MH  - Triiodothyronine
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Essential elements
OT  - Pregnancy
OT  - Thyroid stimulating hormone
OT  - Thyroxine
OT  - Toxic metals
OT  - Triiodothyronine
EDAT- 2021/09/17 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/21 06:00
CRDT- 2021/09/16 20:22
PHST- 2021/03/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/09/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/16 20:22 [entrez]
AID - S0160-4120(21)00494-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106869 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2021 Dec;157:106869. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106869. Epub 2021 
      Sep 13.