PMID- 34539573
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220214
LR  - 20220214
IS  - 1664-2392 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2021
TI  - Short and Long-Term Effects of Growth Hormone in Children and Adolescents With GH 
      Deficiency.
PG  - 720419
LID - 10.3389/fendo.2021.720419 [doi]
LID - 720419
AB  - The syndrome of impaired GH secretion (GH deficiency) in childhood and 
      adolescence had been identified at the end of the 19(th) century. Its 
      non-acquired variant (naGHD) is, at childhood onset, a rare syndrome of multiple 
      etiologies, predominantly characterized by severe and permanent growth failure 
      culminating in short stature. It is still difficult to diagnose GHD and, in 
      particular, to ascertain impaired GH secretion in comparison to levels in 
      normally-growing children. The debate on what constitutes an optimal diagnostic 
      process continues. Treatment of the GH deficit via replacement with cadaveric 
      pituitary human GH (pit-hGH) had first been demonstrated in 1958, and opened an 
      era of therapeutic possibilities, albeit for a limited number of patients. In 
      1985, the era of recombinant hGH (r-hGH) began: unlimited supply meant that 
      substantial long-term experience could be gained, with greater focus on efficacy, 
      safety and costs. However, even today, the results of current treatment regimes 
      indicate that there is still a substantial fraction of children who do not 
      achieve adult height within the normal range. Renewed evaluation of height 
      outcomes in childhood-onset naGHD is required for a better understanding of the 
      underlying causes, whereby the role of various factors - diagnostics, treatment 
      modalities, mode of treatment evaluation - during the important phases of child 
      growth - infancy, childhood and puberty - are further explored.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Ranke.
FAU - Ranke, Michael B
AU  - Ranke MB
AD  - Children's Hospital, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Historical Article
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210901
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
JT  - Frontiers in endocrinology
JID - 101555782
RN  - 12629-01-5 (Human Growth Hormone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Body Height/drug effects
MH  - Child
MH  - Child Development/*drug effects
MH  - Dwarfism, Pituitary/drug therapy
MH  - Growth Disorders/*drug therapy
MH  - History, 19th Century
MH  - History, 20th Century
MH  - History, 21st Century
MH  - Hormone Replacement Therapy
MH  - Human Growth Hormone/deficiency/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Puberty/drug effects
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC8440916
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GH treatment
OT  - adult height
OT  - childhood
OT  - diagnosis
OT  - growth hormone deficiency (GHD)
OT  - puberty
COIS- The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2021/09/21 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/15 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2021/09/20 06:02
PHST- 2021/06/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/07/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/20 06:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fendo.2021.720419 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Sep 1;12:720419. doi: 
      10.3389/fendo.2021.720419. eCollection 2021.