PMID- 34543412
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221111
LR  - 20230502
IS  - 1938-162X (Electronic)
IS  - 1062-6050 (Print)
IS  - 1062-6050 (Linking)
VI  - 57
IP  - 5
DP  - 2022 May 1
TI  - The Influence of Sex, Body Mass Index, and Age on Cartilage Metabolism Biomarkers 
      in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction.
PG  - 478-484
LID - 10.4085/1062-6050-0041.21 [doi]
AB  - CONTEXT: Serum biomarkers may allow for the early identification of posttraumatic 
      osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. 
      Homeostasis of matrix-metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and type II collagen turnover 
      biomarkers (C2C:CPII ratio) is believed to be compromised in individuals with ACL 
      injury, yet the influence of sex, body mass index (BMI), and age on these 
      biomarkers before and after ACL reconstruction remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To 
      determine the relationship of sex, BMI, and age with serum levels of MMP-3 and 
      C2C:CPII before and after ACL reconstruction. DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory 
      study. SETTING: Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two (females = 
      18, males = 14) individuals with ACL injuries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): 
      Demographic variables and blood samples were collected before surgery and at 
      return to activity. Serum was extracted from the blood and assays were used to 
      quantify MMP-3 and C2C:CPII. Generalized linear mixed-effects regression models 
      were used to assess the relationships between sex, BMI, age, time, and 
      participant on the outcome variables. RESULTS: A significant time x sex 
      interaction was identified for MMP-3 levels (P = .021), whereby MMP-3 levels were 
      higher in males at return to activity (males, 2.71 +/- 0.59 ng/mL; females, 1.92 +/- 
      0.60 ng/mL; P = .017). Males also had higher MMP-3 levels at return to activity 
      when compared with presurgery levels (P = .009). A main effect for age 
      demonstrated that older age was associated with higher MMP-3 levels. No 
      significant main or interaction effects were noted for C2C:CPII levels. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Upregulation of MMP-3 serum levels may occur after ACL 
      reconstruction, particularly in males, which may have deleterious consequences 
      for the cartilage matrix. Sex, BMI, and time did not influence C2C:CPII ratios, 
      but further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these 
      findings.
CI  - (c) by the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc.
FAU - Rodriguez, Kazandra M
AU  - Rodriguez KM
AD  - School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
FAU - Curran, Michael Thomas
AU  - Curran MT
AD  - School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
AD  - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor.
FAU - Palmieri-Smith, Riann M
AU  - Palmieri-Smith RM
AD  - School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Athl Train
JT  - Journal of athletic training
JID - 9301647
RN  - EC 3.4.24.17 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 3)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery/metabolism
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/metabolism
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Cartilage/metabolism
MH  - Biomarkers
PMC - PMC9205560
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - knee
OT  - osteoarthritis
EDAT- 2021/09/21 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/15 06:00
PMCR- 2023/05/01
CRDT- 2021/09/20 17:28
PHST- 2021/09/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/20 17:28 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 470566 [pii]
AID - 10.4085/1062-6050-0041.21 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Athl Train. 2022 May 1;57(5):478-484. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0041.21.