PMID- 34547822
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211108
LR  - 20231108
IS  - 1521-4141 (Electronic)
IS  - 0014-2980 (Print)
IS  - 0014-2980 (Linking)
VI  - 51
IP  - 11
DP  - 2021 Nov
TI  - A surrogate cell-based SARS-CoV-2 spike blocking assay.
PG  - 2665-2676
LID - 10.1002/eji.202149302 [doi]
AB  - To monitor infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 
      (SARS-CoV-2) and successful vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 
      (COVID-19), the kinetics of neutralizing or blocking anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody 
      titers need to be assessed. Here, we report the development of a quick and 
      inexpensive surrogate SARS-CoV-2 blocking assay (SUBA) using immobilized 
      recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and human cells 
      expressing the native form of surface SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Spike 
      protein-expressing cells bound to hACE2 in the absence or presence of blocking 
      antibodies were quantified by measuring the optical density of cell-associated 
      crystal violet in a spectrophotometer. The advantages are that SUBA is a fast and 
      inexpensive assay, which does not require biosafety level 2- or 3-approved 
      laboratories. Most importantly, SUBA detects blocking antibodies against the 
      native trimeric cell-bound SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and can be rapidly adjusted 
      to quickly pre-screen already approved therapeutic antibodies or sera from 
      vaccinated individuals for their ACE2 blocking activities against any emerging 
      SARS-CoV-2 variants.
CI  - (c) 2021 The Authors. European Journal of Immunology published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
FAU - Schuh, Wolfgang
AU  - Schuh W
AD  - Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, 
      Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Baus, Lena
AU  - Baus L
AD  - Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, 
      Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Steinmetz, Tobit
AU  - Steinmetz T
AD  - Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, 
      Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Schulz, Sebastian R
AU  - Schulz SR
AD  - Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, 
      Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Weckwerth, Leonie
AU  - Weckwerth L
AD  - Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, 
      Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Roth, Edith
AU  - Roth E
AD  - Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, 
      Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Hauke, Manuela
AU  - Hauke M
AD  - Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, 
      Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Krause, Sara
AU  - Krause S
AD  - Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, 
      Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Morhart, Patrick
AU  - Morhart P
AD  - Division of Molecular Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, 
      Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Rauh, Manfred
AU  - Rauh M
AD  - Division of Molecular Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, 
      Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Hoffmann, Markus
AU  - Hoffmann M
AD  - Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate 
      Research, Gottingen, Germany.
AD  - Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany.
FAU - Vesper, Niklas
AU  - Vesper N
AD  - Institute of Biology III (Molecular Immunology), University of Freiburg, 
      Freiburg, Germany.
FAU - Reth, Michael
AU  - Reth M
AD  - Institute of Biology III (Molecular Immunology), University of Freiburg, 
      Freiburg, Germany.
FAU - Schneider, Holm
AU  - Schneider H
AD  - Division of Molecular Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, 
      Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Jack, Hans-Martin
AU  - Jack HM
AD  - Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, 
      Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
FAU - Mielenz, Dirk
AU  - Mielenz D
AD  - Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, 
      Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat (FAU) 
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
LA  - eng
GR  - TRR130/P09/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/
GR  - TRR130/P28/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/
GR  - TRR130/P03/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/
GR  - TRR130/P02/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/
GR  - COVIM/BMBF/
GR  - 01KI2043A/BMBF/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20210928
PL  - Germany
TA  - Eur J Immunol
JT  - European journal of immunology
JID - 1273201
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Blocking)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus)
RN  - 0 (spike protein, SARS-CoV-2)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Blocking/*blood/immunology
MH  - Antibodies, Neutralizing/*blood/immunology
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/*analysis
MH  - COVID-19/*diagnosis/immunology
MH  - COVID-19 Serological Testing/*methods
MH  - Flow Cytometry/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
MH  - Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
PMC - PMC8646767
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - SARS-CoV-2
OT  - Spike protein
OT  - Surrogate blocking assay
OT  - hACE2
COIS- DM and HMJ have filed a patent application for SUBA. All other authors have no 
      commercial or financial conflict of interests.
EDAT- 2021/09/22 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/09 06:00
PMCR- 2021/09/28
CRDT- 2021/09/21 20:34
PHST- 2021/07/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/04/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/21 20:34 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - EJI5178 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/eji.202149302 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Immunol. 2021 Nov;51(11):2665-2676. doi: 10.1002/eji.202149302. Epub 2021 
      Sep 28.