PMID- 34557367
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210925
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 8
DP  - 2021 Aug
TI  - Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Association With Diabetes Mellitus.
PG  - e17321
LID - 10.7759/cureus.17321 [doi]
LID - e17321
AB  - There is a bidirectional relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 
      (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The liver has a vital role in the 
      pathophysiology of both diseases as it leads to the development of insulin 
      resistance (IR), which in turn results in NAFLD and T2DM. It has been shown that 
      T2DM increases the risk of NAFLD progression. Furthermore, the presence of NAFLD 
      raises the probability of T2DM complications, which explains the increased rates 
      of NAFLD screening in patients with T2DM. In addition, there are common 
      management options for the two diseases. Lifestyle changes can play a role in the 
      initial management of both diseases. Medications that are used to treat T2DM are 
      also used in the management of NAFLD, such as metformin, thiazolidinediones 
      (TZD), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 
      (DPP4) inhibitors. Bariatric surgery is often used as a last resort and has shown 
      promising results. Lifestyle interventions with diet and exercise are important 
      postoperatively to maintain the weight loss. There are many novel treatments that 
      are being investigated for the treatment of NAFLD, targeting multiple 
      pathophysiologic pathways. This review aims to shed some light on the intricate 
      relationship between NAFLD and T2DM and how IR links both diseases. We also try 
      to raise awareness among clinicians about this relationship and how the presence 
      of one disease should raise a high index of suspicion for the existence of the 
      other.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021, Padda et al.
FAU - Padda, Jaskamal
AU  - Padda J
AD  - Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA.
FAU - Khalid, Khizer
AU  - Khalid K
AD  - Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA.
FAU - Khedr, Anwar
AU  - Khedr A
AD  - Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA.
FAU - Tasnim, Fahriba
AU  - Tasnim F
AD  - Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA.
FAU - Al-Ewaidat, Ola A
AU  - Al-Ewaidat OA
AD  - Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA.
FAU - Cooper, Ayden Charlene
AU  - Cooper AC
AD  - Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA.
FAU - Jean-Charles, Gutteridge
AU  - Jean-Charles G
AD  - Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA.
AD  - Internal Medicine, Advent Health & Orlando Health Hospital, Orlando, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210820
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC8449987
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - bariatric surgery
OT  - diabetes mellitus
OT  - hepatic steatosis
OT  - hepatocellular carcinoma
OT  - insulin resistance
OT  - nash
OT  - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
OT  - oral hypoglycemics
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2021/09/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/25 06:01
PMCR- 2021/08/20
CRDT- 2021/09/24 07:09
PHST- 2021/08/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/24 07:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/08/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.17321 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2021 Aug 20;13(8):e17321. doi: 10.7759/cureus.17321. eCollection 2021 
      Aug.