PMID- 34562387
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211112
LR  - 20220824
IS  - 1678-4391 (Electronic)
IS  - 1413-8670 (Print)
IS  - 1413-8670 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 5
DP  - 2021 Sep-Oct
TI  - The influence of HLA/HIV genetics on the occurrence of elite controllers and a 
      need for therapeutics geotargeting view.
PG  - 101619
LID - S1413-8670(21)00088-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101619 [doi]
LID - 101619
AB  - The interaction of HIV-1, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and elite controllers 
      (EC) compose a still intricate triad. Elite controllers maintain a very low viral 
      load and a normal CD4 count, even without antiretrovirals. There is a lot of 
      diversity in HIV subtypes and HLA alleles. The most common subtype in each 
      country varies depending on its localization and epidemiological history. As we 
      know EC appears to maintain an effective CD8 response against HIV. In this 
      phenomenon, some alleles of HLAs are associated with a slow progression of HIV 
      infection, others with a rapid progression. This relationship also depends on the 
      virus subtype. Epitopes of Gag protein-restricted by HLA-B*57 generated a 
      considerable immune response in EC. However, some mutations allow HIV to escape 
      the CD8 response, while others do not. HLA protective alleles, like HLA-B*27, 
      HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*58:01, that are common in Caucasians infected with HIV-1 Clade 
      B, do not show the same protection in sub-Saharan Africans infected by HIV-1 
      Clade C. Endogenous pathway of antigen processing and presentation is used to 
      present intracellular synthesized cellular peptides as well as viral protein 
      fragments via the MHC class I molecule to the cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). 
      Some epitopes are immunodominant, which means that they drive the immune reaction 
      to some virus. Mutation on an anchor residue of epitope necessary for binding on 
      MHC class I is used by HIV to escape the immune system. Mutations inside or 
      flanking an epitope may lead to T cell lack of recognition and CTL escape. 
      Studying how immunodominance at epitopes drives the EC in a geographically 
      dependent way with genetics and immunological elements orchestrating it may help 
      future research on vaccines or immunotherapy for HIV.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2021 Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia. Published by Elsevier 
      Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lunardi, Luciano Werle
AU  - Lunardi LW
AD  - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Genetica 
      e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Bragatte, Marcelo Alves de Souza
AU  - Bragatte MAS
AD  - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Genetica 
      e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Vieira, Gustavo Fioravanti
AU  - Vieira GF
AD  - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Genetica 
      e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade La Salle Canoas, 
      Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Saude e Desenvolvimento Humano, Canoas, RS, Brazil. 
      Electronic address: gustavo.vieira@unilasalle.edu.br.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20210922
PL  - Brazil
TA  - Braz J Infect Dis
JT  - The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the 
      Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
JID - 9812937
RN  - 0 (gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
SB  - IM
MH  - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
MH  - *HIV Infections/drug therapy/genetics
MH  - *HIV-1/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
MH  - Viral Load
MH  - gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
PMC - PMC9392165
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Elite controllers
OT  - HIV
OT  - HLA class I
OT  - Immunodominant epitopes
OT  - Mutation
COIS- Conflicts of interest None.
EDAT- 2021/09/26 06:00
MHDA- 2021/11/16 06:00
PMCR- 2021/09/22
CRDT- 2021/09/25 20:09
PHST- 2021/04/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/08/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/08/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/11/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/25 20:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1413-8670(21)00088-X [pii]
AID - 101619 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101619 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Braz J Infect Dis. 2021 Sep-Oct;25(5):101619. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101619. 
      Epub 2021 Sep 22.