PMID- 34563048
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220110
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1467-3045 (Electronic)
IS  - 1467-3037 (Print)
IS  - 1467-3037 (Linking)
VI  - 43
IP  - 2
DP  - 2021 Sep 8
TI  - Saussurea lappa Exhibits Anti-Oncogenic Effect in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, HepG2 
      Cancer Cell Line by Bcl-2 Mediated Apoptotic Pathway and Mitochondrial Cytochrome 
      C Release.
PG  - 1114-1132
LID - 10.3390/cimb43020079 [doi]
AB  - Background and Objectives: Saussurea lappa (S. lappa) is an important species of 
      the Asteraceae family with several purposes in traditional medicine. This study 
      intended to explore the cytotoxic effect of S. lappa on HepG2 cancer cell 
      proliferation. Materials and Methods: The effects of an S. lappa n-butanol 
      extract on the induction of apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry and 
      mitochondrial cytochrome C-releasing apoptosis assay. Additionally, real-time PCR 
      was employed to confirm apoptosis initiation. Further, qualitative estimation of 
      the active constituent of S. lappa was done by gas chromatography-mass 
      spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results: The cell viability study revealed that the 
      n-butanol extract of S. lappa demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 
      cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 56.76 mug/mL. Cell morphology with dual 
      staining of acridine orange (AO)-ethidium bromide (EB) showed an increase in 
      orange/red nuclei due to cell death by S. lappa n-butanol extract compared to 
      control cells. Apoptosis, as the mode of cell death, was also confirmed by the 
      higher release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, the increased expression of 
      caspase-3 and bax, along with down regulation of Bcl-2. Conclusion: These 
      findings conclude that S. lappa is a cause of hepatic cancer cell death through 
      apoptosis and a potential natural source suggesting furthermore investigation of 
      its active compounds that are responsible for these observed activities.
FAU - Alotaibi, Amal A
AU  - Alotaibi AA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9819-447X
AD  - Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint 
      Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Bepari, Asmatanzeem
AU  - Bepari A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7633-2923
AD  - Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint 
      Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Assiri, Rasha Assad
AU  - Assiri RA
AD  - Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint 
      Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Niazi, Shaik Kalimulla
AU  - Niazi SK
AD  - Department of Preparatory Health Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 12611, 
      Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Nayaka, Sreenivasa
AU  - Nayaka S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7339-5715
AD  - Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
FAU - Rudrappa, Muthuraj
AU  - Rudrappa M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3406-1648
AD  - Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
FAU - Nagaraja, Shashiraj Kareyellapa
AU  - Nagaraja SK
AD  - Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
FAU - Bhat, Meghashyama Prabhakara
AU  - Bhat MP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5122-9230
AD  - Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
LA  - eng
GR  - FRP-1441-10/Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman 
      University, through the Research Funding Program, Grant Number: FRP-1441-10/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20210908
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Curr Issues Mol Biol
JT  - Current issues in molecular biology
JID - 100931761
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 9007-43-6 (Cytochromes c)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Apoptosis
MH  - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Cytochromes c/metabolism
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Mitochondria/metabolism
MH  - Plant Roots/chemistry
MH  - Saussurea/*chemistry
PMC - PMC8929068
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bcl-2
OT  - HepG2
OT  - Saussurea lappa
OT  - anticancer
OT  - apoptosis
OT  - cytochrome C release
COIS- The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest of this study.
EDAT- 2021/09/26 06:00
MHDA- 2022/01/11 06:00
PMCR- 2021/09/08
CRDT- 2021/09/25 20:28
PHST- 2021/08/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/09/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/09/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2021/09/25 20:28 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/09/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/01/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2021/09/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - cimb43020079 [pii]
AID - cimb-43-00079 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/cimb43020079 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2021 Sep 8;43(2):1114-1132. doi: 10.3390/cimb43020079.